The CIM Definition Standards on Mineral Resources and Reserves (CIM Definition Standards) establish definitions and guidance on the definitions for Mineral Resources, Mineral Reserves, and mining studies used in Canada. The Mineral Resource, Mineral Reserve, and mining study definitions are incorporated, by reference, into National Instrument 43-101 – Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects (NI 43-101). The CIM Definition Standards can be viewed at mrmr.cim.org.

The purpose of this book is to show how essential is geology in the planning and development of cities. Town and country planning is now accepted throughout the world as a vital public service, in place of the unorganized and uncontrolled use of land in earlier days. All such planning involves the optimum use of land so that the physical development of cities and regions may best meet the needs of people. The proper use of land—for buildings, for roads, for parks—can be achieved only if the nature of the ground and subsurface conditions is known with certainty. Since the science of geology is concerned with all aspects of the crust of the earth, the use of geological information, and of geological methods to obtain new information about local subsurface conditions, should therefore be an essential part of the physical planning of all cities. <...>

In this chapter, minimal prerequisites not only for classical mechanics but also for physics, in general, are introduced. Physical dimensions, SI base units, SIderived units, and significant figures are discussed. Four coordinate systems, Cartesian coordinates, plane polar coordinates, cylindrical coordinates, and spherical coordinates are concisely shown. The coordinate transformation, which will be used in later chapters, is discussed. A Taylor series expansion is often used in physics, so that it is precisely explained. <...>

The often complex, erratic, and localized nature of gold is a common feature of many vein-style gold deposits. This style of mineralization is often referred to as being nuggety or possessing a high-nugget effect. As a result of these complexities resource estimation is difficult and in general, only Exploration Results can be provided or an Inferred Mineral Resource estimated from surface drilling data alone. Underground development, further drilling, and probably bulk sampling will be required to delineate Indicated and Measured Resources.