Пособие содержит краткое описание по использованию программного обеспечения для одномерного геомеханического моделирования при выполнении самостоятельных и лабораторных работ по дисциплине «Основы нефтегазовой геомеханики» для магистров 1-го курса направления 05.04.01 «Геология». Рассмотрены основные аспекты по работе в программном продукте: загрузка каротажных данных, инклинометрии, результатов лабораторных исследований и стратиграфии; вычисление упругих и прочностных параметров, вертикального напряжения, порового давления, горизонтальных напряжений; построение одномерной геомеханической модели для устойчивости ствола скважины. <...>

The construction, design, remediation and maintenance of slopes have always formed an important area of geotechnical engineering, which is often termed as ‘slope engineering’. A wide variety of applications of slope engineering include excavations, hill roads, railway lines, embankments, earth dams, reservoirs, open-cut mines, urban development of hilly areas, protection of river banks and coastal slope stability.

Geotechnical engineering is the branch of civil engineering concerned with the engineering behavior of earth materials. Geotechnical engineering is important in civil engineering, but also has applications in military, mining, petroleum and other engineering disciplines that are concerned with construction occurring on the surface or within the ground.

Te process of assessing a rock slope for stability involves the application of many branches of engineering and natural science. Te determination of rock or soil strength parameters requires a working knowledge of rock mechanics and/or soil mechanics. Knowledge of basic hydrological concepts is essential for interpreting the efects of water on a rock slope. An understanding of geology—especially structural geology, mineralogy, petrology, and the geological processes—is extremely important for the rock slope engineer. Tese areas of knowledge—geology, rock and soil mechanics, and hydrology—along with other basic areas such as statics, engineering mechanics, statistics, and structural engineering are all important elements of rock slope engineering and design. <...>

The World Stress Map (WSM) compiles information of the contemporary crustal stress using a wide range of very different stress indicator which can be grouped into four categories:
• Earthquake focal mechanisms
• Well bore breakouts and drilling-induced fractures
• In-situ stress measurements (overcoring, hydraulic fracturing, borehole slotter)
• Young geologic data (from fault-slip analysis and volcanic vent alignments)

В работе определены критерии оценки работы экранирующих щелей через коэффициент их защитной способности, рекомендованы решения для снижения ширины зоны остаточных деформаций, установлены параметры оконтуривающих зарядов для создания экранирующей щели с повышенной защитной способностью и выбраны параметры взрывания в приконтурной зоне.

The Rock Quality Designation (RQD) index was introduced 20 years ago at a time when rock quality information was usually available only from geologists’ descriptions and the percent of core recovery. The RQD is a modified core recovery percentage in which unrecovered core, fragments and small pieces of rock, and altered rock are not counted so as to downgrade the quality designation of rock containing these features. Although originally developed for predicting tunneling conditions and support requirements, its application was extended to correlation with in situ rock mechanical properties and, in the 1970s, to forming a basic element of several classification systems. Its greatest value, however, remains as an exploratory tool where it serves as a red flag to identify low-RQD zones which deserve greater scrutiny and which may require additional borings or other exploratory work. Case history experience shows that the RQD red flag and subsequent investigations often have resulted in the deepening of foundation levels and the reorientation or complete relocation of proposed engineering structures, including dam foundations, tunnel portals, underground caverns, and power facilities. <...>