Горная геология является специализированной областью прикладных геологических наук, которая исторически развивалась как поддержка эксплуатации рудников и оценки горных проектов. Основной задачей горной геологии является предоставление подробной геологической информации, а также проведение техникоэкономических исследований для оценки проекта горных работ. Когда начинается добыча, горные геологи обеспечивают геологическое сопровождение работы, обеспечивая экономически эффективную добычу ценных минералов и их точное отделение от пустых пород.

The Kazakhstan Public Reporting Code for Exploration Results, Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves (hereinafter - the KAZRC Code) was developed by the Kazakhstan Association of Public Reporting for Exploration Results, Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves (hereinafter - the KAZRC Association) with the support of the Committee of Geology and Subsoil Use of the Ministry of Investments and Development of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the members of the KAZRC Association.

Казахстанский Кодекс публичной отчетности о результатах геологоразведочных работ, Минеральных Ресурсах и Минеральных Запасах (далее – Кодекс KAZRC) разработан Казахстанской Ассоциацией Публичной Отчетности о Результатах Геологоразведочных Работ, Минеральных Ресурсах и Минеральных Запасах (далее – Ассоциация KAZRC) при поддержке Комитета геологии и недропользования Министерства по инвестициям и развитию Республики Казахстан и членов Ассоциации KAZRC.

Казахстанский Кодекс публичной отчетности о результатах геологоразведочных работ, Минеральных Ресурсах и Минеральных Запасах (далее – Кодекс KAZRC) разработан Казахстанской Ассоциацией Публичной Отчетности о Результатах Геологоразведочных Работ, Минеральных Ресурсах и Минеральных Запасах (далее – Ассоциация KAZRC) при поддержке Комитета геологии и недропользования Министерства по инвестициям и развитию Республики Казахстан и членов Ассоциации KAZRC.

In contrast to the recognized man/machine system of industry, the production process of mineral resources brings about a man/machine/nature system. The dynamic evolution of this system is characterized by a steady increase in the level of human labour. This also means that labour becomes increasingly complex and complicated due to the interaction with increased automation and mechanization.

In 2014, China has continued the implementation of National Exploration and Development Planning and achieved outstanding progress in geological prospecting, and it is the reserves & resources of major mineral resources that increased obviously. There is a sustainable growth in the production and import of major mineral products as well as a further improvement in the supplying capacity. Efforts have been made to promote the survey and evaluation of geology and mineral resources, and better social services. To facilitate the construction of ecological civilization, China has paid more attention to enhance the environmental recovery of mines, and over 25% of the land damaged by mining development has been reclaimed.

We are facing a global mineral resource crisis. In fact, we have two of them. First, Earth has a finite supply of minerals for a population that is growing faster than at any time in history
(Figure 1.1). Second, mineral consumption is growing even faster than the population. Until recently, we were deeply concerned that most minerals were used in more developed countries (MDCs) with smaller consumption in less developed countries (LDCs) (Table 1.1).

Although aspects of mineral deposit evaluation are covered in such texts as McKinstry (1948), Peters (1978), Reedman (1979) and Barnes (1980), no widely available in-depth treatment of the subject has been presented. It is thus the intention of the present book to produce a text which is suitable for both undergraduate and postgraduate students of mining geology and mining engineering and which, at the same time, is of use to those already following a professional career in the mining industry. An attempt has been made to present the material in such a way as to be intelligible to the average geologist, or engineer, who is perhaps daunted by the more mathematical approach to the subject of orereserves found in more specialist books and papers. Although most of the theory in this book is written using metric units, individual case histories are described using the units employed at each mine at the time of writing <...>

An adequate and dependable nonfuel mineral supply is fundamental to the economic well-being of our industrial society and to our national security. For 20 of the 32 mineral commodities listed in Table 1, the projected cumulative demand by the year 2000 exceeds our domestic reserves.1 For only 3 of these commodities does the United States currently produce as much as it consumes. Even on a worldwide basis, reserves of fully half of the commodities will probably be consumed before the year 2020.

It is necessary to define some fundamental terms that will provide indispensable background for the entire book. The first term to be explained deals with the title of the book: mineral resources. A mineral resource can be defined broadly as the concentration of material of economic interest in or on the Earth’s crust. In this book, it includes solid earth materials such as metals (i.e., copper, gold, iron),