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Introduction: Banded Iron Formation-Related High-Grade Iron Ore Steffen Hagemann, Carlos Rosière, Jens Gutzmer, and Nicolas J. Beukes Part I — Origin of Banded Iron Formations
Chapter 1: Origin and Paleoenvironmental Significance of Major Iron Formations at the Archean-Paleoproterozoic Boundary Nicolas J. Beukes and Jens Gutzmer Part II — Constraints on the Genesis of Banded Iron Formation-Related High-Grade Iron Ore Mineral Systems
Chapter 2: Origin and Timing of Banded Iron Formation-Hosted High-Grade Hard Hematite Deposits—A Paleomagnetic Approach M. O. de Kock, D. A. D. Evans, J. Gutzmer, N. J. Beukes, and H. C. Dorland Chapter 3: Structural Controls on High-Grade Iron Ores Hosted by Banded Iron Formation: A Global Perspective Hilke J. Dalstra and Carlos A. Rosière
Although basaltic and gabbroic rocks are found in nearly all tectonic settings, they are the predominant igneous rock types of the ocean basins. Furthermore, basaltic and gabbroic rocks of the ocean basins represent magmas that have the least likelihood of being contaminated with continental crustal material, and thus should give us the best clues to the composition of and chemical evolution of the underlying mantle from which the magmas are derived. We thus start our discussion with the ocean basins. <...>
The theme of this book is the study of basaltic volcanism as a stage in planetary evolution: to use the eruption of lava from the interior of a planet as evidence of the thermal and chemical processes of the planet. All lavas extruded on a planet’s surface can provide information about events in the interior. From a petrologic point of view, however, it is the more primitive lavas, which rise to the surface of a planet with minimal changes, that can provide the most information about the interior. In general, these more primitive lavas are basalts and so in Chapter 1 our sampling has concentrated on basaltic rocks.
The science of igneous petrology is founded on astute observation of rocks, guided by the rigorous principles of physical chemistry. It is, perhaps, the wedding of fallible observation with rigorous theory that makes this such a delicious science. In view of this, it is appropriate to study rocks and phase diagrams hand in hand. Good books on petrography abound, but there are few introductory books on phase diagrams, and none that illustrate in detail the quantitative analysis of fractional and equilibrium crystallization and melting, the four limiting processes capable of rigorous discussion. This book is an attempt to remedy the deficiency <...>
Research on base metal sulfide deposits is among the oldest and best-documented subjects of economic geologists worldwide, considering that copper was first mined about 3000 years ago on the island of Cyprus.
During the past 10 years, after the exciting discovery of active sulfide formation on the modem ocean floor, a considerable flow of new ideas has stimulated and influenced the discussion of oreforming processes for copper-zinc-Iead sulfides in sedimentary and volcanic environments. The development of new genetic concept sconsequently led to reinterpretation of some apparently well-established formation models. <...>
A recent paper in this journal (J.-P. Brim. The cluster-ridge pattern of mantled gneiss domes in eastern Finland: evidence for large-scale gravitational instability of the Proterozoic crust. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 47 (1980) 441-449) resurrects Eskola's [I] concept of the mantled gneiss dome in the early Proterozoic Svecokarelian fold bell of Finland. The author cites amongst others, the Kuopio, Juojarvi, Maarianvaara. Kontiolahti, Liperi, Oravisalo and Sotkuma domes (see Fig. 1) as examples of the diapiric upwelling of lower-density, granitic Archaean basement rocks, into more dense, overlying Karelian metasedimentary formations. The distribution of these basement structures is interpreted as reflecting a periodicity. which by analogy with the centrifuge experiments of Ramberg [2], is a function of the interlayer density contrast and the layer thicknesses.
The main theme of this book is to take a good quality reflection seismic data set from the Gulf of Mexico and guide you through the basic geophysical data processing steps from raw data to the best-quality final image. Secondary themes are to introduce you (1) to cleaned up but real working Fortran code that does the job, (2) to the concept of “adjoint operator”, and (3) to the notion of electronic document. <...>
This book is intended to be a complete and clear introduction to the field of crystallography for undergraduate and graduate students and lecturers in physics, chemistry, biology, materials and earth sciences, or engineering. It includes an extensive discussion of the 14 Bravais lattices and the reciprocal to them, basic concepts of point group symmetry, the crystal structure of elements and binary compounds, and much more. Besides that, the reader can find up-to-date values for the lattice constants of most elements and about 650 binary compounds (half of them containing rare earth metals). The entire notation in this book is consistent with the International Tables for Crystallography. <...>
This book is a basic guide to field techniques used in geological mapping. It is meant to be kept in camp with you and even carried in your rucksack in the field. In addition, because no piece of geological mapping can be considered complete until the geology has been interpreted and explained, chapters are provided on drawing cross-sections, on preparing and presenting ‘fair copy’ maps, and on presenting geological diagrams from your fieldwork suitable for inclusion in your report.
This book is a basic guide to field techniques used in geological mapping. It is meant to be kept in camp with you and even carried in your rucksack in the field. In addition, because no piece of geological mapping can be considered complete until the geology has been interpreted and explained, chapters are provided on drawing cross-sections; on preparing and presenting ‘fair copy’ maps; and on presenting geological diagrams from your fieldwork suitable for inclusion in your report.
