AUSTIN, W. E. N. & JAMES, R. H. Biogeochemical controls on palaeoceanographic environmental proxies: an introduction

JAMES, R. H. & AUSTIN, W. E. N. Biogeochemical controls on palaeoceanographic environmental proxies: a review 

WILLIAMS, R. J. P. Some fundamental features of biomineralization 

ZEEBE, R. E., BIJMA, J., HOЁ NISCH, B., SANYAL, A., SPERO, H. J. &WOLF-GLADROW, D. A. Vital effects and beyond: a modelling perspective on developing palaeoceanographic proxy relationships in foraminifera 

PEARSON, P. N. & BURGESS, C. E. Foraminifer test preservation and diagenesis: comparison of high latitute Eocene sites 

Since antiquity, gold has been valued for its scarcity, beauty, and resistance to corrosion. Gold is the best known of all native elements and the most likely to be found in a metallic state (Pough 1991). It is the universal standard of value and the common medium of exchange in world commerce (Koschmann and Bergendahl 1968). Gold is almost everywhere considered to be the symbol of everything precious and of enduring value because of the effort required to extract it from nature, and because of its scarcity relative to other metals (Petralia 1996; Merchant 1998). Gold was known and highly valued by the earliest civilizations:

The basic structural building block of the biomarkers is the isoprene unit (Figure 1A). The end closer to the methyl branch is called the "head/' and the other end is the "tail." Compounds formed biosynthetically from isoprene units are called "isoprenoids." Two isoprene units joined head-to-tail (with minor modifications, such as hydrogenation of double bonds) form a monoterpane (Figure IB). Two monoterpanes (four isoprene units) linked together form a diterpane, whereas six isoprene units can be joined either to form a sterane or a triterpane, depending upon how the linking is accomplished.

Представлены некоторые из результатов экспериментальных исследований в области наук о жизни в лаборатории физико-химии биологических мембран биологического факультета Московского государственного университета им. М.В. Ломоносова. Материал состоит из шести основных разделов с информацией о научных результатах и дополнительного седьмого раздела. Последний, седьмой раздел содержит информацию о публикациях различных учебных и учебно-методических материалов, работ о совершенствовании университетского образования, в том числе учебников и образовательных программ по вопросам биологического и экологического образования. Этот текст частично основан на предыдущей публикации (Orlov S.N., Kotelevtsev S.V., Novikov K.N., Selishcheva A.A., Akimova O.A., Ostroumov S.A. Toxicology, biophysics. From fundamental biomedical research to applications. Some results and bibliography // Ecological Studies, Hazards, Solutions, 2013, vol.19, p. 9-28), со многими дополнениями и существенным обновлением материала.