Это пособие является вторым изданием, дополненным и содержащим изменения. В пособии приводится геолого-геоморфологический очерк и описаны современные физико-геологические процессы территории Чашниковской впадины и ее обрамления. Существенное внимание уделено методическим аспектам проведения геолого-геоморфологической практики.
Данное методическое руководство в первую очередь предназначено для студентов 1 курса факультета почвоведения МГУ имени М.В. Ломоносова, а также может быть полезно для студентов, преподавателей естественных факультетов как МГУ, так и других вузов, а также школьников, интересующихся геологией Подмосковья.
Авторы выражают благодарность своим коллегам – преподавателям, которые в течение многих лет проводили эту практику и принимали участие в написании и оформлении первого издания пособия.

When on November 21, 1783 the Marquis d’Arlandes and Pilatre de Rosier made a half hour voyage in their Montgolfier balloon near Paris and thus became the first aeronauts, few would have guessed that this achievement was not only the humble beginning of man’s conquest of aerospace but triggered off also a sequence of events which ultimately provided a powerful tool for the study of landforms and terrain conditions of all sorts. The potentials of aerospace observations have evolved with the technological progress of data recording and processing systems and of tire skyborne vehicles involved (Dolfuss, 1972; Quick, 1964; Parry, 1972).

The major geomorphological divisions of the United States, the Rocky Mountain ranges, the Great Plains and the Appalachian ranges, do not have a major influence on coastal features. The Pacific coast follows the alignment of the Coast Ranges on the western side of the Rocky Mountains, the Great Plains run southward to the lowlying coast of the Gulf of Mexico, and the Appalachians extend north-eastward to the coast of Maine. Useful background is provided by Shepard and Wanless (1971), Sherman (2005), Thornbury (1965) and Graf (1987). <...>

The term terrain evaluation has been adopted following the precedent of previous research carried out under the auspices of the Military Engineering Experimental Establishment (Beckett and Webster, 1969).
It has developed in response to the need for an understanding of terrain by an increasing variety of disciplines concerned with its practical uses. These are both scientific, such as geology, hydrology, geography, botany, zoology, ecology, pedology and meteorology; and applied, such as agriculture, forestry, civil and military engineering, and urban and recreational landscape design. This range of interest makes it important to be especially careful about the terms employed. <...>

Уникальное по своей красоте Колыванское озеро – жемчужина предгорий Алтая. В книге приводятся общегеографические сведения об озере и его окрестностях; впервые подробно рассматриваются особенности строения и развития рельефа; обсуждаются гипотезы образования и развития котловины озера и причудливых гранитных останцов на его берегах; анализируются периоды времени появления в озере реликтового растения – водяного ореха; даются сведения об экологическом состоянии озера и сопредельной территории. Отдельная глава посвящена пернатым хищникам окрестностей озера.
Для специалистов в области геологии кайнозоя, геоморфологии, палеогеографиии, экологии, орнитологии, туризма, а также для обучающихся естественнонаучных направлений вузов и просто любознательных читателей.

An understanding of rates of land surface change has always been a central focus of geomorphological research. Among the questions which require a knowledge of rates of change are the following: How important is climate as a control of geomorphological processes? To what extent are humans influencing landform development? What is the potential useful life time of a particular engineering structure? How can environments be transformed by future global environmental changes? What is the relative significance of different geomorphological processes? How much time is required for a particular landform assemblage to develop? <...>

Morphologic attributes of the contemporary geomorphic landscape and its component form elements evolve from the activity of environment-regulated process domains acting in the present, and local and regional-scale process rates governed by conditions external and internal to geomorphic systems. These process–response systems establish landscape characteristics in equilibrium with the movement, storage, and transfer of energy and matter between interrelated and interdependent components of the system. Characteristics of geomorphic landscapes also evolve through time, suggesting that conditions of equilibrium and disequilibrium between opposing forces persist in the process–form adjustment. In certain instances, therefore, landscapes and their constituent landforms inherit the imprint of past process activities, and still others are relics of processes no longer active in the present <...>

Africa is a huge continent covering 30-3 million km2 or about twenty per cent of the earth’s land surface. The continent extends some 8000 km through 72 degrees of latitude from Cape Agulhas in the south (34 51'S) to Cape Blanc in the north (37° 51'N) and its greatest east-west length lies between Ras Hafun (51° 50'E) and Cape Verde (17° 32'W), a distance of 7200 km. Africa has over three-quarters of its area lying within the tropics and one third is affected by wind belts producing arid and semi-arid conditions. <...>

In the winter of 1969 a series of storms in the ‘drylands’ of southern California caused serious soil erosion, numerous landslides, and widespread flooding. Over a hundred people were killed, thousands of homes and other buildings were ruined, the total estimated damage exceeded $200 million, the lives of several million people in the sprawling Los Angeles metropolis were disrupted, and the resources of the community had to be mobilized to cope with the emergency and rehabilitate the region at a cost of well over $8 million (US Corps of Engineers, 1969). The dominant environmental processes responsible for this crisis - erosion, slope failure, and flooding - are geomorphological problems, problems relating to the nature of the land surface and the forces that act upon it. <...>

Оглавление
Предисловие (Н.И.Маккавеев, Р. С. Чалов)
Общие закономерности эрозионных и русловых процессов
работа водных потоков как агент денудации (Н.И. Маккавеев)
Взаимная связь процессов эрбзии и аккумуляции (Н.И.Маккавеев)
Процессы эрозии и денудации на водосборах и развитие речных русел (Н.И.Маккавеев, Р.С. Чалов)
Гидравлическая типизация эрозионного процесса (Н.И.Маккавеев)
Общие закономерности эрозионных и русловых процессов (Н. И. Маккавеев)