Environmental magnetism is a relatively new science. It essentially grew out of numerous interdisciplinary studies involving sediments in British lakes, but soon expanded to include sediments in other natural archives that also retain records of past global changes. Prominent among these are marine sediments, windblown deposits on land, and the thin layer of soil covering much of the continents. The materials residing in these various settings are of two main types: one transported in from elsewhere, the other created in situ. Material flux takes place in the hydrosphere, the atmosphere, and the cryosphere, the most important agents being rivers, ocean currents, ground water, wind, rain, snow, glaciers, ice sheets, and icebergs. We will be looking at examples of all of these. <...>

Our knowledge of the Earth's magnetic field has developed over many centuries, originating from some of the earliest scientific investigations. The first scientific treatise ever written is generally recognized as being the geomagnetic text Epistola de Magnete written by Petrus Peregrinus in 1269. This was followed more than three centuries later by the classical work De Magnete by William Gilbert in 1600.

This book is the sequel to Palaeomagnetism and Plate Tectonics written by Michael W. McElhinny, first published in 1973. The aim of that book was to explain the intricacies of paleomagnetism and of plate tectonics and then to demonstrate that paleomagnetism confirmed the validity of the new paradigm. Today it is no longer necessary to explain plate tectonics, but paleomagnetism has progressed rapidly over the past 25 years. Furthermore, magnetic anomaly data over most of the oceans have been analyzed in the context of sea-floor spreading and reversals of the Earth's magnetic field. Oceanic data can also be used to determine paleomagnetic poles by combining disparate types of data, from deep-sea cores, seamounts, and magnetic anomalies. Our aim here is to explain paleomagnetism and its contribution in both the continental and the oceanic environment, following the general outline of the initial book. We demonstrate the use of paleomagnetism in determining the evolution of the Earth's crust. <...>

Объект исследования – песчано-алеврито-глинистые образцы керна, порошки сферических кварцевых гранул, криогели, кондиционированные ими грунтовые композиты и образцы пластовых флюидов на предмет установления связи их времени поперечной релаксации с фильтрационно-ёмкостными свойствами, компонентным составом и типом пластовых флюидов.

Magnetism is one of the most pervasive features of the Universe, with planets, stars and entire galaxies all having associated magnetic fields. All of these fields are generated by the motion of electrically conducting fluids, via the so-called dynamo effect. The basics of this effect are almost trivial to explain: moving an electrical conductor through a magnetic field induces an emf (Faraday’s law), which generates electric currents (Ohm’s law), which have associated magnetic fields (Ampere’s law). The hope is then that with the right combination of flows and fields the induced field will reinforce the original field, leading to (exponential) field amplification <...>

В книге описываются геофизические и геохимические методы, применяемые пои поисках и оценке важнейших промышленных оловорудных месторождении. Рассматриваются теоретические предпосылки отдельных методов, новые данные по методике работ, а также результаты применения геофизических и геохимических методов в оловорудных районах СССР

Geology is the study of the Earth in all its aspects except those that are now considered to be separate sciences of the Earth, like geophysics and meteorology. It concerns the materials of which the Earth is made, and the processes that operate on them. Very many of these processes are physical, and their understanding involves an understanding of the underlying physics. The raindrop that falls and makes its contribution to erosion is first created by condensation, falls under the influence of gravity, is held together by surface tension, reaches its terminal velocity as a result of friction long before hitting the Earth, has potential energy during its fall, and kinetic energy that is converted to mechanical energy and work when it strikes the Earth. <...>

Привлекательность шельфовых седиментационных бассейнов Арктической континентальной окраины России, и, прежде всего, наиболее доступных из них - Баренцево-Карских, как и в прежние годы их иззмения, связана с надеждами обнаружения здесь крупных и даже гигантских скоплений нефти и газа, которые могли бы обеспечить рентабельность их разработки и восполнить наметившееся снижение ресурсов основного нефтегазодобывающего региона - ЗападноСибирского.

The scale invariance of geological phenomena is one of the first concepts taught to a student of geology. It is pointed out that an object that defines the scale, i.e., a coin, a rock hammer, a person, must be included whenever a photograph of a geological feature is taken. Without the scale it is often impossible to determine whether the photograph covers 10 cm or 10 km. For example, self-similar folds occur over this range of scales.