Добрый день, Коллеги. Важное сообщение, просьба принять участие. Музей Ферсмана ищет помощь для реставрационных работ в помещении. Подробности по ссылке
Most simply put, taphonomy is the study of processes affecting the transition of the remains of past living organisms and their traces into the lithosphere as seen in the prehistoric record. It has many aspects, from processes affecting individual organisms to those affecting whole communities, but at its most basic level, the processes on which taphonomic interpretations are based are the same. Process is thus defined as the action of a taphonomic agent (Lyman 1994a), the agent being the immediate cause of modifications. The evidence by which process is identified in the fossil record is the effect it has on fossils, the biological, chemical and physical modifications preserved on the fossils. These modifications may be identified and interpreted through comparisons with observed processes produced by known agents acting on previously unmodified bones at the present time, either in experimentally controlled conditions or by naturalistic monitoring projects where agents and processes are known. <...>
The recent progress in geodynamics has revolutionised our concept regarding the genesis of ultrabasic and basic rocks. In contrast to the explanation that the ultrabasics are differentiation products of a basaltic magma, mantle diapirism or oceanic crust-upper mantle obductions are put forward as explanations for the origin of ultrabasic complexes and rock types.
More than thirty years ago, microprobe analysis introduced the possibility of analyzing quantitatively in situ small surfaces of polished sections, rendering obsolete many of the optical measurements and other data that had been presented in many standard ore-mineralogy textbooks, and thus a new approach to the subject was called for. In addition, it should also be pointed out that whereas many excellent books are available on the mineralogy of ore minerals (see page 218) and a thorough treatment of mineral species is presented in their special sections, it is believed that as microprobe analytical facilities develop and are widely applied, the identification and compositional variation of ore minerals will become more and more a matter of microprobe analysis and x-ray studies. <...>
A forerunner of the ATLAS was first published in 1970(1). This early survey comprised 27 zeolite structures known at the time. Then the "Atlas of Zeolite Structure Types" by W.M. Meier and D.H. Olson, with 38 entries, was published by the Structure Commission of the IZA in 1978. This was followed by the much expanded 2nd edition of the ATLAS in 1988 comprising 64 entries, the updated 3rd edition in 1992 with 85 entries, and the fully revised 4th edition in 1996 with 98 entries. This 5th edition is again an updated version of the previous compilation, and the number of entries has risen significantly to 133.
Analyses of geological structures from field exposure of rocks have been one of the important and intriguing disciplines in (applied) Earth Sciences. Since the 1990s, especially after the boom of three‐dimensional seismic technologies, reflection seismic data in two and three dimensions have become the modern ‘field’ for geologists. A large number of exploration geoscientists analyze reflection seismic data to interpret sedimentary sequences and deformation structures to provide prospective leads for exploration in their respective industries. Today, seismic data are used extensively in industries such as hydrocarbon and mineral exploration, carbon dioxide sequestration, sea floor hazard surveys for cables and pipelines and so on. This book primarily deals with reflection seismic data in the hydrocarbon industry.
This is a book on the dynamics of the atmosphere and ocean, with an emphasis on the fundamentals and on the large-scale circulation. By ‘large-scale’ I mean scales between that of the weather (a few hundred kilometres in the atmosphere and a few tens of kilometres in the ocean, which indeed has its own weather) and the global scale. My focus is our own planet Earth, for that is where we live, but the principles and methodology used should be appropriate for the study of the atmospheres and oceans of other planets.
The Australasian Code for Reporting of Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves (the ‘JORC Code’ or ‘the Code’) sets out minimum standards, recommendations and guidelines for Public Reporting of exploration results, Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves in Australasia. It has been drawn up by the Joint Ore Reserves Committee of The Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, the Australian Institute of Geoscientists and the Minerals Council of Australia. The Joint Ore Reserves Committee was established in 1971 and published a number of reports which made recommendations on the classification and Public Reporting of Ore Reserves prior to the first release of the JORC Code in 1989. <...>
1.2 Prior to September 1999 the estimation and reporting of Coal Resources and Coal Reserves in Australia were prescribed by the "Australian Code for Reporting Identified Coal Resources and Reserves (February 1986)". This code was ratified by the Government Geologists’ Conference in April 1986 and appended to the "Australasian Code for Reporting of Identified Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves" (The JORC Code), prepared by the Joint Ore Reserve Committee (JORC) in February 1989. The JORC Code was subsequently revised in 1992 and 1996.
