Basic methods of structural geology / Основные методы структруной геологии

This part of the book introduces the fundamental tools of structural geology. The first four chapters are designed to accustom students to visualizing the attitude, location, and dimensions of geologic structures. (Appendix 1 outlines elementary aspects of maps and cross sections and thus provides an optional introduction to these chapters). We discuss how to measure and describe lines and planes, how to use a compass, how to create and interpret contour maps, how to cakulate the attitude of planes from point data, and how to calculate the thickness and depth of layers. Through the study of these subjects, the student leams how to apply descriptive geometry and trigonometry to problems in structural geology. The second four chapters focus on the use of equal-angle (stereographic) and equal-area projections for the solution of geological problems and for the representation of geological data. These chapters discuss practical applications of these projections to the field study of fabrics and folds, and to the analysis of drill-hole data. <...>