Настоящий Геологический словарь учитывает последние данные и представления советских и зарубежных исследователей и содержит сведения, связанные как с практикой геологопоисково-съемочных и разведочных работ, так и весьма широким кругом теоретических и практических вопросов. Геологический словарь содержит более 21 тыс. терминов, однако, в него не включены давно вышедшие из употребления геологические термины конца прошлого и начала текущего столетий, а также названия свит, помещенные в новом издании Стратиграфического словаря. Авторы стремились также не включать в словарь термины, предложенные только в одной опубликованной работе и не получившие еще распространения. Некоторые разделы сокращены в связи с выходом в свет специальных словарей или справочников.

В связи с большим количеством читательских запросов издательством предпринято переиздание словаря, близкое к стереотипному. В нем по возможности устранены ошибки, опечатки и неточности.

После выхода словаря в 1973 г. в советской и зарубежной печати были опубликованы многочисленные положительные отзывы о нем, в которых также содержатся различные пожелания по изменению структуры и содержания Геологического словаря. Их учет при настоящем переиздании практически невозможен, тем более, что ряд замечаний связан с различными взглядами на задачи словаря и принципы его построения.

Исправление ошибок и опечаток при подготовке нового издания производилось главным образом редакторами разделов, в отдельных случаях — ведущими авторами. Соответствующая организационная работа была выполнена И.А. Неженским.

The McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Geology and Mineralogy provides a compendium of more than 9000 terms that are central to a broad range of geological sciences and related fields. The coverage in this Second Edition is focused on the areas of geochemistry, geology, geophysics, mineralogy, paleobotany, paleontology, and petrology, with new terms added and others revised as necessary.

Geology deals with the solid earth and the processes that formed and modified it as it evolved Related disciplines include the study of the physics of the earth (geophysics); earth chemistry, composition, and chemical changes (geochemistry); the composition, properties, and structure of minerals (mineralogy); the description, classification, origin, and evolution of rocks (petrology); and the study of ancient life (paleontology).

В настоящее время имеется огромное количество названий минеральных видов и разновидностей, не подчиненных какой-либо единой системе, что вызывает значительные трудности при чтении специальной иностранной литературы, отличающейся обилием синонимов. Если учесть к тому же, что многие названия являются описательными и могут быть поняты лишь при условии знания языка, на котором они описаны, то становится очевидным, что правильное понимание названий минеральных видов и разновидностей при чтении иностранной литературы без помощи специального словаря может оказаться весьма затруднительным.

Настоящий словарь является справочным пособием, призванным облегчить правильное и быстрое понимание иностранных названий минералов. В словарь включены названия минеральных видов и разновидностей и их синонимы, используемые в американской, английской, немецкой, французской и испанской литературе.

Принимая во внимание, что данная книга является не минералогическим справочником, а лексикографическим пособием и, следовательно, должна возможно полнее отразить существующий лексический материал, в него включены:

а)   названия различных природных химических веществ, представленных кристаллами, зернами, жидкостями и газами;

б)   названия искусственных минералов, т. е. продуктов промышленного или лабораторного процесса, по составу и структуре отвечающих природным минеральным видам;

в)   названия недостаточно изученных и сомнительных видов и разновидностей, а также тех смесей, которые первоначально были описаны как самостоятельные виды.

В словаре собрано более 20 000 названий.

Составитель надеется, что предлагаемый словарь окажется полезным справочным пособием для инженеров, научных работников, аспирантов, студентов и переводчиков.

Являясь первым опытом, настоящий словарь, разумеется, не свободен от некоторых недостатков, которые могут быть исправлены специалистами в процессе практического использования словаря.

Страны бывшего Советского Союза являются последней территорией с огромными запасами нефти и газа, представляющими большой интерес для мировой нефтегазовой промышленности. В процессе разработки месторождений в следующем столетии специалистам разведочной и промысловой геофизики придется решать интеллектуальные и технические задачи большой значимости. Многочисленные встречи с русскоязычными коллегами во время их посещений Хьюстона и других городов были для меня интересными и полезными. Думаю, что и для них настал ответственный момент, ибо огромный поток западной терминологии пополняет запас геофизической лексики в русском языке. Подстать этим динамическим изменениям и выходит в свет англорусский энциклопедический словарь терминов разведочной и промысловой геофизики фирмы Вудз, который является важнейшим вкладом в геофизическую литературу.

В кругу широких петрографических проблем, поднятых Ф. Ю. Левинсон-Лессингом, значительное место занимали вопросы классификации и номенклатуры горных пород. Они в свою очередь требовали объективного анализа-смыслового значения громадного, неизменно возрастающего числа петрографических терминов, принятых в разных странах. За эту большую рабогу Ф. Ю. Левинсон-Лессинг взялся с самого начала своей научной деятельности и продолжал ее до последних дней жизни; Уже в 1893 г. на немецком языке им был издан первый петрографический словарь. На русском языке - первый перечень горных пород в алфавитном порядке с их краткой характеристикой был помещен Ф. Ю. Левинсон-Лессингом в приложении к петрографическим таблицам, изданным в качестве учебного пособия С.-Петербургским политехническим институтом в 1905 г. Через десять лет эти таблицы в переработанном и дополненном виде были переизданы под авторством Ф. Ю. Левинсон-Лессинга и Д. С. Белянкина.

После Октябрьской социалистической революции Ф.Ю.Левинсон-Лессинг совместно с Э.А.Струве составил петрографический словарь на русском языке. Эта работа, значительно более полная по своему содержанию, чем ее немецкий и французский варианты, имела большое значение для развития петрографии в Советском Союзе. К- сожалению, она вышла только двумя изданиями небольшими тиражами и стала очень скоро библиографической редкостью.

Few areas of science can have changed as fast as geology has in the past forty years. In the first half of the last century geologists were divided, often bitterly, between the drifters and those who believed that the Earth and its continents were static. Neither side of this debate foresaw that the application of methods from physics, chemistry and mathematics to these speculations would revolutionize the study of all aspects of the Earth Sciences, and would lead to accurate and detailed reconstructions of world geography at former times, as well as to an understanding of the origin of the forces that maintain the continental movements. This change in world-view is no longer controversial, and is now embedded in every aspect of the Earth Sciences. It is a real pleasure to see this change, which has revitalized so many classic areas of research, reflected in the articles of this encyclopedia. Particularly affected are the articles on large-scale Earth processes, which discuss many of the new geological ideas that have come from geophysics and geochemistry. Forty years ago we had no understanding of these topics, which are fundamental to so many aspects of the Earth Sciences. The editors have decided, and in my view quite rightly, not to include detailed discussion of the present technology that is used to make geophysical and geochemical measurements. Such instrumental aspects are changing rapidly and become dated very quickly. They can easily be found in more technical publications. Instead the editors have concentrated on the influence such studies have had on our understanding of the Earth and its evolution, and in so doing have produced an excellent and accessible account of what is now known.

Any encyclopedia has to satisfy a wide variety of users, and in particular those who know that some subject like sedimentation or mineral exploration is part of geology, and go to an encyclopedia of geology to find out more. The editors have made a very thorough attempt to satisfy such users, and have included sections on such unexpected geological topics as the evolution of the Earth’s atmosphere, the geology of Jupiter, Saturn, and their moons, aggregates, and creationism. I congratulate the editors and authors for producing such a fine summary of our present knowledge, and am particularly pleased that they intend to produce an online version of the encyclopedia. Though I have become addicted to using the Internet as my general encyclopedia, I will be delighted to be able to access something concerned with my own field that is as organized and scholarly as are these volumes.

Dan McKenzie

Royal Society Professor of Earth Sciences

Cambridge University, UK

Few areas of science can have changed as fast as geology has in the past forty years. In the first half of the last century geologists were divided, often bitterly, between the drifters and those who believed that the Earth and its continents were static. Neither side of this debate foresaw that the application of methods from physics, chemistry and mathematics to these speculations would revolutionize the study of all aspects of the Earth Sciences, and would lead to accurate and detailed reconstructions of world geography at former times, as well as to an understanding of the origin of the forces that maintain the continental movements. This change in world-view is no longer controversial, and is now embedded in every aspect of the Earth Sciences. It is a real pleasure to see this change, which has revitalized so many classic areas of research, reflected in the articles of this encyclopedia. Particularly affected are the articles on large-scale Earth processes, which discuss many of the new geological ideas that have come from geophysics and geochemistry. Forty years ago we had no understanding of these topics, which are fundamental to so many aspects of the Earth Sciences. The editors have decided, and in my view quite rightly, not to include detailed discussion of the present technology that is used to make geophysical and geochemical measurements. Such instrumental aspects are changing rapidly and become dated very quickly. They can easily be found in more technical publications. Instead the editors have concentrated on the influence such studies have had on our understanding of the Earth and its evolution, and in so doing have produced an excellent and accessible account of what is now known.

Any encyclopedia has to satisfy a wide variety of users, and in particular those who know that some subject like sedimentation or mineral exploration is part of geology, and go to an encyclopedia of geology to find out more. The editors have made a very thorough attempt to satisfy such users, and have included sections on such unexpected geological topics as the evolution of the Earth’s atmosphere, the geology of Jupiter, Saturn, and their moons, aggregates, and creationism. I congratulate the editors and authors for producing such a fine summary of our present knowledge, and am particularly pleased that they intend to produce an online version of the encyclopedia. Though I have become addicted to using the Internet as my general encyclopedia, I will be delighted to be able to access something concerned with my own field that is as organized and scholarly as are these volumes.

Dan McKenzie

Royal Society Professor of Earth Sciences

Cambridge University, UK

Few areas of science can have changed as fast as geology has in the past forty years. In the first half of the last century geologists were divided, often bitterly, between the drifters and those who believed that the Earth and its continents were static. Neither side of this debate foresaw that the application of methods from physics, chemistry and mathematics to these speculations would revolutionize the study of all aspects of the Earth Sciences, and would lead to accurate and detailed reconstructions of world geography at former times, as well as to an understanding of the origin of the forces that maintain the continental movements. This change in world-view is no longer controversial, and is now embedded in every aspect of the Earth Sciences. It is a real pleasure to see this change, which has revitalized so many classic areas of research, reflected in the articles of this encyclopedia. Particularly affected are the articles on large-scale Earth processes, which discuss many of the new geological ideas that have come from geophysics and geochemistry. Forty years ago we had no understanding of these topics, which are fundamental to so many aspects of the Earth Sciences. The editors have decided, and in my view quite rightly, not to include detailed discussion of the present technology that is used to make geophysical and geochemical measurements. Such instrumental aspects are changing rapidly and become dated very quickly. They can easily be found in more technical publications. Instead the editors have concentrated on the influence such studies have had on our understanding of the Earth and its evolution, and in so doing have produced an excellent and accessible account of what is now known.

Any encyclopedia has to satisfy a wide variety of users, and in particular those who know that some subject like sedimentation or mineral exploration is part of geology, and go to an encyclopedia of geology to find out more. The editors have made a very thorough attempt to satisfy such users, and have included sections on such unexpected geological topics as the evolution of the Earth’s atmosphere, the geology of Jupiter, Saturn, and their moons, aggregates, and creationism. I congratulate the editors and authors for producing such a fine summary of our present knowledge, and am particularly pleased that they intend to produce an online version of the encyclopedia. Though I have become addicted to using the Internet as my general encyclopedia, I will be delighted to be able to access something concerned with my own field that is as organized and scholarly as are these volumes.

Dan McKenzie

Royal Society Professor of Earth Sciences

Cambridge University, UK

Few areas of science can have changed as fast as geology has in the past forty years. In the first half of the last century geologists were divided, often bitterly, between the drifters and those who believed that the Earth and its continents were static. Neither side of this debate foresaw that the application of methods from physics, chemistry and mathematics to these speculations would revolutionize the study of all aspects of the Earth Sciences, and would lead to accurate and detailed reconstructions of world geography at former times, as well as to an understanding of the origin of the forces that maintain the continental movements. This change in world-view is no longer controversial, and is now embedded in every aspect of the Earth Sciences. It is a real pleasure to see this change, which has revitalized so many classic areas of research, reflected in the articles of this encyclopedia. Particularly affected are the articles on large-scale Earth processes, which discuss many of the new geological ideas that have come from geophysics and geochemistry. Forty years ago we had no understanding of these topics, which are fundamental to so many aspects of the Earth Sciences. The editors have decided, and in my view quite rightly, not to include detailed discussion of the present technology that is used to make geophysical and geochemical measurements. Such instrumental aspects are changing rapidly and become dated very quickly. They can easily be found in more technical publications. Instead the editors have concentrated on the influence such studies have had on our understanding of the Earth and its evolution, and in so doing have produced an excellent and accessible account of what is now known.

Any encyclopedia has to satisfy a wide variety of users, and in particular those who know that some subject like sedimentation or mineral exploration is part of geology, and go to an encyclopedia of geology to find out more. The editors have made a very thorough attempt to satisfy such users, and have included sections on such unexpected geological topics as the evolution of the Earth’s atmosphere, the geology of Jupiter, Saturn, and their moons, aggregates, and creationism. I congratulate the editors and authors for producing such a fine summary of our present knowledge, and am particularly pleased that they intend to produce an online version of the encyclopedia. Though I have become addicted to using the Internet as my general encyclopedia, I will be delighted to be able to access something concerned with my own field that is as organized and scholarly as are these volumes.

Dan McKenzie

Royal Society Professor of Earth Sciences

Cambridge University, UK