Кратко изложены основы механики разрушения горных пород, вопросы деформации трещиноватых тел. Приведена расчетная схема усталостно-коррозионного износа долота. Рассмотрены различные режимы бурения и выбор оптимального режима. Большое внимание уделено разрушению пород ударными и режущими инструментами, высоконапорными фильтрационными потоками. Изложены вопросы устойчивости стенок глубоких скважин и результаты экспериментального и теоретического исследования разрушения горных пород интенсивными пучками электронов высокой энергии, пучками фотонов и элементарных частиц. Освещена проблема прочности горных пород и вопрос о поверхности разрушения и постулате Драккера.
Для научных работников, занимающихся вопросами механики разрушения горных пород и исследованием прочности горных пород и выработок.

ктуальность темы диссертации. Исследование напряженно деформированного состояния пористой среды и порового давления мотивировано необходимостью решения различных прикладных задач, при добыче полезных ископаемых и строительстве сооружений, а также в таких областях как экология и медицина. В первую очередь здесь можно отметить задачу обеспечения устойчивости процесса бурения через водо-, газо- и нефтенос ные пласты, которая требует понимания характера изменения напряжений в пористой среде и порового давления флюида вокруг скважины. Учет перераспределения напряжений и изменения порового давления также важен при добыче нефти и газа, когда обеспечение притока добываемого флюида к скважине, происходит за счет закачивания воды в формацию. Кроме того, анализ напряженно-деформированного состояния фундамента и окружающе го массива с учетом течения грунтовых вод и возможного обводнения явля ется важным звеном при проектировании строительных сооружений. <...>

Under Japan’s energy policy, the Japan Organization for Metals and Energy Security (JOGMEC) operates the national stockpiling project of crude oil and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). In addition to three existing above-ground LPG tank facilities, in 2002, construction began on two of the world’s largest facilities, Kurashiki (capacity 400,000 t) and Namikata (450,000 t). These rock cavern storage systems were completed in 2012 allowing the longterm stockpiling operation to continue.

For the first time in Japan, these two high pressure gas storages adopted the hydrodynamic containment system, in which the groundwater pressure holds the gas in unsealed rock tunnels. They are of the world’s largest class.<...>

The science of classification is called “taxonomy”; it deals with the theoretical aspects of classification, including its basis, principles, procedures, and rules. Knowledge tested in projects is called the “practical knowledge.” Surprisingly the rating and ranking systems have become popular in every part of life in the twenty-first century.

Rock mass classifications form the backbone of the empirical design approach and are widely employed in rock engineering. Engineering rock mass classifications have recently been quite popular and are used in feasibility designs. When used correctly, a rock mass classification can be a powerful tool in these designs. On many projects the classification approach is the only practical basis for the design of complex underground structures. The Gjovik Underground Ice Hockey Stadium in Norway was designed by the classification approach.

This book concisely examines the use of elasticity in solving geotechnical engineering problems. In a highly illustrated and user-friendly format, it provides a thorough grounding in the linear theory of elasticity and an understanding of the applications. The first two chapters present a basic framework of the theory of elasticity and describe test procedures for the determination of elastic parameters for soils. Chapters 3 and 4 present the fundamental solutions of Boussinesque, Kelvin, and Mindlin, and use these to formulate solutions to problems of practical interest in geotechnical engineering. The book concludes with a sequence of appendices designed to provide the interested student with details of elasticity theory that are peripheral to the main text. Each chapter concludes with a set of questions for the student to answer. The book is appropriate for upper level students in civil engineering and engineering geology.

Geomechanics deals with the deformation and failure process in geomaterials, which is literally defined as materials found on the surface of the Earth. Soil, rock, snow, and ice are typical geomaterials. Although in a broader sense in engineering mechanics geomaterials also include concrete, it will not be included explicitly in the discussion in this book. Ice and snow will not be covered either. <...>

Rock dynamics has become one of the most important topics in the field of rock mechanics and rock engineering (e.g. Aydan et al., 2011; Aydan, 2016; Zhou and Jiao, 2011). The spectrum of rock dynamics is very wide and it includes, the failure of rocks, rock masses and rock engineering structures such as rockbursting, spalling, popping, collapse, toppling, sliding, blasting, non-destructive testing, geophysical explorations, and, impacts (see Figure 1.1). <...>

Geotechnical engineering is concerned with the application of civil engineering technology to some aspect of the earth, usually the natural materials found on or near the earth's surface. Civil engineers call these materials soil and rock. Soil, in an engineering sense, is the relatively loose agglomerate of mineral and organic materials and sediments found above the bedrock. Soils can be relatively easily broken down into their constituent mineral or organic particles. Rock, on the other hand, has very strong internal cohesive and molecular forces which hold its constituent mineral grains together. This is true for massive bedrock as well as for a piece of gravel found in a clay soil. The dividing line between soil and rock is arbitrary, and many natural materials encountered in engineering practice cannot be easily classified. They may be either a "very soft rock" or a "very hard soil." <...>