Migmatites are spectacular, complex-looking rocks that can inspire, fascinate, or confuse geologists. All migmatites viewed in an outcrop represent the sum of a series of processes that acted in parallel, or sequentially, and the influence of various local factors (see the photographs in section A). In order to begin to understand the complexity and seemingly endless variety in migmatites, and to provide the reader context for the subject of this book, some of the key factors and processes that make individual migmatites the way they are should be outlined at the outset <...>

This Atlas is designed to be a useful work of reference in an easily-handled format amenable to future expansion both by the E.A.E.G. and the users themselves. It is intended for geoscientists in both the industrial and academic spheres who are at an early career stage, and who would find it of value to see how the interpretation of a wide variety of types of structure is approached on actual examples. The notes accompanying the examples have been kept as concise as is consistent with clarity, and some guidance for further study has been given in the form of a list of key words, and brief references with each group of examples; these in turn will open up the literature.

More than thirty years ago, microprobe analysis introduced the possibility of analyzing quantitatively in situ small surfaces of polished sections, rendering obsolete many of the optical measurements and other data that had been presented in many standard ore-mineralogy textbooks, and thus a new approach to the subject was called for. In addition, it should also be pointed out that whereas many excellent books are available on the mineralogy of ore minerals (see page 218) and a thorough treatment of mineral species is presented in their special sections, it is believed that as microprobe analytical facilities develop and are widely applied, the identification and compositional variation of ore minerals will become more and more a matter of microprobe analysis and x-ray studies. <...>

Planetary scientist and educator Ken Coles has teamed up with Ken Tanaka from the United States Geological Survey’s Astrogeology team and Phil Christensen, Principal Investigator of the Mars Odyssey orbiter’s THEMIS science team, to produce this all-purpose reference atlas, The Atlas of Mars. Each of the 30 standard charts includes: a full-page color topographic map at 1:10,000,000 scale, a THEMIS daytime infrared map at the same scale with features labeled, a simplified geologic map of the corresponding area, and a section describing prominent features of interest. The Atlas is rounded out with extensive material on Mars’ global characteristics, regional geography and geology, a Glossary of Terms, and an indexed Gazetteer of up-to-date Martian feature names and nomenclature. This is an essential guide for a broad readership of academics, students, amateur astronomers, and space enthusiasts, replacing the NASA atlas from the 1970s. <...>

Two of the most intensely studied aspects in structural geology are morphology and the genesis of folds (Ramsay, 1967; Hudleston and Lan, 1993; Ez, 2000; Harris et al., 2002; Harris, 2003; Alsop and Holdsworth, 2004; Carreras et al., 2005; Bell, 2010; Hudleston and Treagus, 2010; Godin et al., 2011; Harris et al., 2012a,b; Llorens et al., 2013; Mukherjee et al., 2015; Gogoi and Mukherjee, 2019). Of particular importance is whether folds found inside ductile shear zones are related to ductile shear (e.g., Carreras et al., 2005; Bell, 2010). This chapter presents folds of different geometries and generations, some related with ductile shear zones, from different scales (Figures 1.1–1.118). Figure 1.38 describes the compaction of mudstone. For general principles of compaction, consult the recent publications Mukherjee and Kumar (2018) and Dasgupta and Mukherjee (2020). Interestingly, hook-shaped folds typical of reverse shear kinematics are presented in Figure 1.57. A detailed review of reverse shear is available in Dutta and Mukherjee (2019); also see Dutta and Mukherjee (2020). See Mukherjee et al. (2020) for fold morphologies from other terrains. Folded surfaces, some of which taken from this chapter, have been used in fitting curves, for example, Gogoi et al. (2017, 2020). This shows a potential of use of snaps of structures with a similar purpose (e.g., Biswas and Mukherjee, 2020). <...>

В работе дается описание 84 видов пресноводных моллюсков из 16 семейств, раковины которых выявлены в четвертичных отложениях на территории Беларуси, а также смежных районов России (включая бассейн Верхнего Дона), Литвы и Польши. Для каждого региона приводится схема местонахождения фауны моллюсков, составлена таблица классификационных экологических признаков видов. Показано, что четвертичные пресноводные моллюски являются уникальным материалов для восстановления физико-географической обстановки среды их обитания и, что немаловажно, служат надежным инструментом для установления относительного возраста отложений плейстоцена и голоцена. 

Книга представляет интерес для палеонтологов и геологов, занимающихся проблемами палеоклиматов, стратиграфии и палеогеографии четвертичного периоды. Она будет полезны также студентам географического, геологического и биологического профилей