Практическое руководство по стратиформным месторождениям твердых полезных ископаемых. Часть 4. Принципы и общие исследования. Том 7. Гипергенные и поверхностные рудные месторождения, текстуры и строение

Office de la Recherche Scientifique et Technique, Outre Mer (ORSTOM), Boudy, France
Office de la Recherche Scientifique et Technique, Outre Mer (ORSTOM), Boudy, France

Geotechnical engineering differs from other forms of engineering by the composition of ground, which is composed of a wide range of solids with discontinuities, pores fluids and structures. These different elements composing the ground interact with one another increasing the complexity of any prediction. In traditional geotechnical analysis, limit equilibrium methods (LEM) are useful techniques for estimating the onset of failure.

In the past several decades considerable emphasis was placed on investigation of flotation properties of industrial minerals. The interest in process development for beneficiation of various industrial minerals also comes from the growing need to recover economic minerals from lower grade ores. In general terms these ores in which the minerals exist as ores are associated with, complex, silicates do not respond to the concentration methods used to treat higher-grade less complex mineral silicate ores.

Without reagents there would be no flotation, and without flotation the mining industry, as we know it today, would not exist. Reagents in mineral processing are therefore an inseparable part of the flotation process. Many books, articles and patents exist on development of reagents, reagent chemistry and reagent application.

This guide presents seven itineraries to investigate the geology of the Central Andes, which can be done in seven days of field work along main roads in northern Argentina and Chile. A total of 32 field stops are organized in a complete cross-section that cuts over 600 km of the mountain range, from the Subandean Zone and Eastern Cordillera, between latitudes 24°–23° 20' (Purmamarca–Quebrada de Humahuaca), to the Coastal Cordillera, between latitudes 22° 10'–20° 17' (Tocopilla– Iquique), passing through the domains of North Puna, Western Cordillera, Modern Volcanic Arc, Cordillera de la Sal and Cordillera Domeyko.

Increasing population density and industrialization are creating a high strain on the natural environment and resources of many countries. Therefore, precautionary measures to protect the environment and remedial action to repair the damages of the past have high priority. Resources to be protected are surface water and groundwater, soil and air. Hazards to these resources are landfills and industrial sites as well as mining facilities, including tailings, conditioning plants, and smelters, oil refineries, distribution facilities and pipelines, gas stations and other areas used by humans (e.g., military training sites).

Learning about rocks can give much pleasure to anyone interested in Earth and its development. I hope that readers of this book will share my enthusiasm for examining rocks with the microscope. I planned the book to be an introductory review of the main processes responsible for the microstructures of Earth rocks. However, I soon realized that if I did that, the book would be a collection of half-truths, with little scientific value. Though many rock microstructures are understood fairly well, the interpretation of many others involves considerable controversy, and new ideas are being published all the time. So, I have felt compelled to mention problems of interpretation and to present alternative views, where appropriate. Thus, the book has evolved into (1) a basic explanation of the main processes, (2) an introduction to more complex issues of interpretation and especially to the relevant literature, and (3) an outline of modern approaches and techniques, in order to emphasize the ongoing, dynamic nature of the study of rock microstructure. Because complicated problems cannot be discussed in detail in a book of this kind, I have tried to provide a sufficient number of references to enable the reader to delve more deeply. <...>

Volume 2 of the ‘Flotation Reagents Handbook’ is a continuation of Volume 1, and presents fundamental and practical knowledge on flotation of gold, platinum group minerals and the major oxide minerals, as well as rare earths.

Laboratory Manual in Physical Geology is produced under the auspices of the American Geosciences Institute (AGI) and the National Association of Geoscience Teachers (NAGT). For decades it has been the most widely adopted manual available for teaching laboratories in introductory geology and geoscience. This 11th edition is more user-friendly than ever, with an effective pedagogical format and many more teaching and learning options.

Geostatistics (also known as kriging) was developed for the mining industry during the 1960s and 1970s to estimate changes in ore grade. The principles of geostatistics are now applied to many applications that require statistically based interpolation techniques. Geostatistics provides a data value estimate for locations that cannot be sampled directly by examining data taken at locations that can be sampled.