Features of recent sediments and ancient sedimentary rocks can be combined and condensed into idealizations or models that characterize particular sedimentary environments. This combination of features from modern and ancient situations has been emphasized from the earliest days; in 1893 Johannes Walther (quoted by Middleton, 1973, p. 981) "explained that the most satisfying genetic explanations of ancient phenomena were by analogy with modern geological processes".

The Sognefjord Formation in the Troll Field area was deposited during a general rise in sea-level during the Late Callovian to Early Volgian. A detailed study including palynology, sedimentology, response modelling and petrography of carbonate cement has been performed on 15 wells primarily from the western part of the field. All wells have been extensively cored through the reservoir enabling detailed palynological and sedimentological study of the depositional sequences in the wells. The Sognefjord Formation is interpreted, in this study, as a shoreline-attached tidally-influenced shelf complex.

The series of articles on Facies Models in Geoscience Canada was initiated by editor Gerard V. Middleton, partly in response to a suggestion from Erich Dimroth that "brief, well-written, concise articles, outlining the techniques of rock interpretation, and the concepts and criteria for regional evaluation would be an enormous help to the general purpose field geologist”. Each author was asked to prepare a review that covered the basic ideas, without unnecessary jargon, in terms that the student or "general purpose field geologist” could understand. Most of the illustrations in the articles have been prepared with this objective in mind.

The geochemical analysis of fades is a special part of geochemistry and geology. The development of this research was initiated by BISCHOF (1847-1851), who was the first to attempt to recognize sediments of different origin by geochemical means. In his now famous book he listed some chemical elements belonging to typical environments, such as boron in marine sediments and metallic sulphides in zones rich in sulphuretted hydrogens. Moreover he was the first author to suppose that all "soluble rocks" of the continents must be present in the oceans. This early concept of facies was supplemented by ROTH (1879-1890) who discovered new elements in the ocean waters and in the ashes of marine organisms. However, the data used by both of these workers were quantitatively unsatisfactory and can only be considered as the qualitative results of inadequate chemical analyses <...>

В книге обосновывается самостоятельность нового направления в науке — биоседиментологии. Она находится на стыке двух дисциплин — палеонтологии и седиментологии. Цель этого направления — исследовать роль организмов в осадочном процессе. Приводится характеристика биоседиментологии во всех аспектах взаимосвязи с другими дисциплинами. Развиваются лучшие современные классификации зарубежных ученых для биогенных структур, пород и организмов. При этом используются самые последние разработки отечественных ученых в этой области. Предложена классификация первичных карбонатных пород, рассмотрена роль организмов в осадочных процессах на Земле в течение всей ее геологической истории

The Guaritas sequence is the uppermost stratigraphical level of the Camaqua Basin (southern Brazil) and comprises an alluvial, deltaic and aeolian continental facies association up to 800 m thick. Facies mapping of this unit has revealed a lateral association of tributary fans and trunk braided rivers developed under semi-arid conditions.

There has been a proliferation in recent years of applications of sequence-stratigraphic concepts since the publications by Vail eta!. (1977a,b), Posamentier eta!. ( 1988), Posamentier and Vail ( 1 988a,b) and Van Wagoner et a!. ( 1 990). The use of this approach to enhance understanding of geological relationships within a time-stratigraphic framework clearly has achieved widespread acceptance. Along with the rapid acceptance of these concepts, however, has come a number of problems that are addressed in this paper.

The objective of this book is to provide a synthesis of the methods used in microfacies studies of carbonate rocks and to show how the application of microfacies studies has contributed to new developments in carbonate geology. In contrast with other textbooks on carbonate sedimentology this book focuses on those compositional and textural constituents of carbonates that reflect the depositional and diagenetic history and determine the practical usefulness of carbonate rocks.

Объектом исследований в настоящей работе являются осадочные бассейны как вместилища подавляющего большинства залежей нефти и газа. Под осадочными бассейнами понимаются геологические тела, сложенные осадочными или вулканогенно-осадочными породами, выполняющие более или менее автономные области погружения в современной структуре земной коры [Прогноз месторождений…, 1981].

Facies models are encapsulated summaries of sedimentation in a depositional environment. Since the initial formulation of this concept (Walker, 1979a), facies models have become the cornerstone of modern sedimentology, and will continue to be a vital starting point for whatever new areas of research develop in the future.