The term “geochemistry” was first used by the German-Swiss chemist Christian Friedrich Schönbein* in 1838. You might guess, merely from the etymology of the word, that the field of geochemistry is somehow a marriage of the fields of geology and chemistry. That would be a good guess. But just how are chemistry and geology combined within geochemistry; what is the relationship between them? Perhaps the best explanation would be to state that in geochemistry, we use the tools of chemistry to solve geological problems; that is, we use chemistry to understand the Earth and how it works.

Geochemistry is a branch of earth science. Since it is a field of study that uses the tools and principles of chemistry to explain the mechanisms in geologic environments, it often focuses on determining processes that control the abundance and composition of minerals and their distribution in the earth’s crust. Geochemistry also plays a vital role in environmental soil and water systems in identifying and modulating environmental problems, and in studying the composition, structure and processes of the earth.

The geochemical analysis of fades is a special part of geochemistry and geology. The development of this research was initiated by BISCHOF (1847-1851), who was the first to attempt to recognize sediments of different origin by geochemical means. In his now famous book he listed some chemical elements belonging to typical environments, such as boron in marine sediments and metallic sulphides in zones rich in sulphuretted hydrogens. Moreover he was the first author to suppose that all "soluble rocks" of the continents must be present in the oceans. This early concept of facies was supplemented by ROTH (1879-1890) who discovered new elements in the ocean waters and in the ashes of marine organisms. However, the data used by both of these workers were quantitatively unsatisfactory and can only be considered as the qualitative results of inadequate chemical analyses <...>

Geochemistry is the study of the development, and distribution of chemical elements on Earth, which are found in rock-forming minerals and their byproducts, as well as in living beings, water, and the environment. The elemental geochemical variation of sediments is used to recognize the mechanisms controlling the estuarine environment and serves as a baseline for assessing the environmental effect in the future. Geochemistry is a unique field that deals with the study of mineral deposits.

This textbook is intended as an introduction to geochemistry for geology students in their senior year or in their first year of graduate work.At that time in their education, students are ready to relearn those principles of chemistry that are especially applicable to the study of geological processes. Geochemistry can enhance their understanding of these processes and can teach them to apply principles of chemistry to the solution of geological problems. Geologists in virtually all branches of the science can benefit from an introductory course in geochemistry because it can help them to make quantitative predictions about the outcome of chemical reactions that occur in the context of many geological processes <...>

Progress in science in the modern world is a matter of the international cooperation and is the result of the joint efforts of many scientists from many countries. This does not mean that we do not recognize the priority and role played by individual researchers in furthering concrete scientific disciplines.

Проведенные теоретические и экспериментальные исследования представляют интерес для аналитиков, геологов, минералогов, петрографов, медицины, криминалистики и для др. областей науки и техники. В книге изложены основы нового прямого интегрально-сцинтилляционного элементно-фазового метода исследования вещества, при котором аналитическая навеска порошкового вещества делится на большое число виртуальных частей (микронавесок).

В «Требованиях …» изложены требования к содержанию и оформлению карт и отчётных материалов геохимической основы масштаба 1:200 000, методические основы их составления. «Требования…» сопровождаются графическими и текстовыми приложениями, включающими макеты карт и унифицированные легенды к ним, формы кадастров и таблиц, справочные материалы.

Обязательны для всех организаций и предприятий, проводящих геохимические работы на территории России по созданию геохимических основ Госгеолкарты-200/2.

This volume is the ninth of a series of review volumes published jointly under the banner of the Mineralogical Society of America and the Geochemical Society. The newly titled Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry has been numbered contiguously with the previous series, Reviews in Mineralogy. <...>