Landscapes and Landforms of Portugal volume presents, for the first time, a series of synthesis chapters on landscape highlights of mainland Portugal, covering a wide diversity of geomorphological settings. These are presented with language and graphic styles that try to bridge-the-gap from professional scientists to undergraduate students, while being also accessible to all those interested in the earth sciences, to help for a better understanding of landscape evolution and specific features of the Portuguese landforms.

Landforms and landscapes vary enormously across the Earth, from high mountains to endless plains. At a smaller scale, nature often surprises us creating shapes which look improbable. Many physical landscapes are so immensely beautiful that they receive the highest possible recognition—they hold the status of World Heritage Sites. Apart from often being immensely scenic, landscapes tell stories which not uncommonly can be traced back in time for tens of million years and include unique geological events such as meteorite impacts.

Карта — важное средство познания окружающей среды, изучения ее природных ресурсов, планирования хозяйственной деятельности и мероприятий по охране природы. Особое значение разнообразные общенаучные и специальные карты приобретают в связи с проблемой хозяйственного освоения шельфов.

Требование рационального использования и охраны окружающей среды неразрывно связано с комплексным географическим подходом к ее изучению. Такой подход одновременно выдвигает проблему комплексности при картировании. Именно этот принцип положен в основу настоящего сборника <...>

In history and prehistory artefacts and structures are often concealed beneath the surface of the earth as a result of geological processes and perhaps more frequently as a result of human activity. A key aspect of landscape archaeology lies in the identification and interpretation of this hidden evidence or in the broader sense of the buried landscape.

The landforms of Austria are the direct consequence of a continuous interplay between tectonic and climatic forces that have built, destroyed and reshaped the surface of the most iconic mountain belt on Earth for almost 40 Million years. As such, landforms can only be understood with a thorough geological background. This paper gives an overview of the tectonic evolution, the geological build up and the landscape evolution in the Austrian territory. The tectonic evolution of the rocks forming the major tectonic units of Austria can be traced back to some 500 Million years when they were located at different ancient continents including Gondwana, Avalonia and Laurasia. In the late Palaeozoic, the basement rocks were affected by the Variscan tectonometamorphic event during amalgamation of the supercontinent Pangaea and by a Permian extensional event.

It is customary to analyze the behavior of foundations under the implicit assumption that the ground will suffer deformations and settle as a result of the increasing load transmitted by a construction in progress. Usually an estimation has to be made of the final movements to be expected in the construction (whether a building or a public work) in the short or in the long term.

Монография посвящена анализу современного состояния ландшафтов Горного Дагестана, их пространственной дифференциации, классификации, оценке степени селитебной нагрузки и существующей сети особо охраняемых природных территорий.
Рассчитана на географов, экологов, климатологов, метеорологов и других специалистов, интересующихся современными проблемами ландшафтоведения, а также может быть использована в учебном процессе по дисциплинам эколого-географической подготовки специалистов.

The landscapes and landforms of Scotland are renowned for their outstanding geodiversity, the outcome of a long and complex geological evolution, Cenozoic uplift and etchplanation, and modification by glacial and interglacial processes during the Quaternary.

1 Introduction to the Landscapes and Landforms of Italy Mauro Soldati and Mauro Marchetti
Part I Physical Environment
2 The Great Diversity of Italian Landscapes and Landforms: Their Origin and Human Imprint Mauro Marchetti, Mauro Soldati, and Vittoria Vandelli
3 Outline of the Geology of Italy Alfonso Bosellini
4 The Climate of Italy Simona Fratianni and Fiorella Acquaotta
5 Morphological Regions of Italy Paola Fredi and Elvidio Lupia Palmieri
Part II Landscapes and Landforms