Mining activity monitoring, volume calculations, data for information systems of mining companies, decision making and planning, reclamation proposals are some of the most important fields, where photogrammetry can be used in open pit mining. Nowadays mostly digital methods find their utility in providing stereoscopic digitisation of a current situation of mining, precise orthophotos and digital terrain models. There are requirements for high precision especially in heights due to volume calculations and therefore high-resolution aerial images with low flight altitude are taken for the open pit mining purposes.

Students learn in a number of ways and in a variety of settings. They learn through lectures, in informal study groups, or alone at their desks or in front of a computer terminal. Wherever the location, students learn most efficiently by solving problems, with frequent feedback from an instructor, following a worked-out problem as a model. Worked-out problems have a number of positive aspects. They can capture the essence of a key concept — often better than paragraphs of explanation. They provide methods for acquiring new knowledge and for evaluating its use. They provide a taste of real-life issues and demonstrate techniques for solving real problems. Most important, they encourage active participation in learning <...>

Shallow, near-surface magma emplacement into a porous, unlithified sandstone occurred by forceful dike dilation and was accompanied by a localized hydrothermal event. Petrographic fabric, authigenic mineralogy and petrophysical data, grade smoothly through the quartzite contact zone outward into the friable Inmar sandstone of Makhtesh Ramon, Israel. Quartz grain deformation, fracturing and rehealing of grains, and pressure solution constitute overwhelming evidence of a compressive environment adjacent to dike margins, albeit with temperatures and pressures insufficient to fully recrystallize detrital grains. Dikes were accommodated primarily by the repacking of the sandstone with both brittle and elastic grain interaction. Post emplacement heating together with elastic compressive stress dissipation, lead to fracture healing and pressure solution. The occasional columnar-jointing must be related to thermal contraction of the quartzite during later cooling and resulting mode I cracks. The alteration of both contact zone and dike material occurred via a transitory and confined hydrothermal seepage up dike margins. Elsewhere around the world highly altered intrusions bordered by indurated sometimes uniformly jointed sediments, may also be the result of forceful magma emplacement and hydrothermal alteration at near-surface levels.

Dinosaurs are everywhere these days. They are the most popular exhibits in many museums, the stars of movies and the focus of television documentaries, the pitchmen in advertising campaigns and the subject of gushing articles in magazines and newspapers. Looking at how dinosaurs are portrayed in the popular press, it is easy to lump them together with leprechauns, unicorns, and dragons – creatures of myth and iconic lore that only exist in the imaginations of children and the whimsy of pop culture. But dinosaurs are not creatures of fantasy – they were real animals, of many fantastic shapes and sizes, that dominated terrestrial ecosystems for an astounding span of over 160 million years. They were living, breathing, feeding, moving, reproducing, evolving organisms that originated in the

aftermath of the worst mass extinction in earth history, rose to dominance as a supercontinent was splitting and climates were fluctuating, evolved into some of the largest and most fearsome animals the planet has ever seen, and then suddenly went extinct right at the same time that a giant comet or asteroid slammed into the earth and supervolcanoes were belching rivers of lava. And perhaps most astonishing of all, these ancient creatures, so often symbols of lethargy and failure, were the ancestors of one of the most successful groups of living animals: the birds. <...>