The science of igneous petrology is founded on astute observation of rocks, guided by the rigorous principles of physical chemistry. It is, perhaps, the wedding of fallible observation with rigorous theory that makes this such a delicious science. In view of this, it is appropriate to study rocks and phase diagrams hand in hand. Good books on petrography abound, but there are few introductory books on phase diagrams, and none that illustrate in detail the quantitative analysis of fractional and equilibrium crystallization and melting, the four limiting processes capable of rigorous discussion. This book is an attempt to remedy the deficiency <...>

This book is intended to be a complete and clear introduction to the field of crystallography for undergraduate and graduate students and lecturers in physics, chemistry, biology, materials and earth sciences, or engineering. It includes an extensive discussion of the 14 Bravais lattices and the reciprocal to them, basic concepts of point group symmetry, the crystal structure of elements and binary compounds, and much more. Besides that, the reader can find up-to-date values for the lattice constants of most elements and about 650 binary compounds (half of them containing rare earth metals). The entire notation in this book is consistent with the International Tables for Crystallography. <...>

This book is a basic guide to field techniques used in geological mapping. It is meant to be kept in camp with you and even carried in your rucksack in the field. In addition, because no piece of geological mapping can be considered complete until the geology has been interpreted and explained, chapters are provided on drawing cross-sections; on preparing and presenting ‘fair copy’ maps; and on presenting geological diagrams from your fieldwork suitable for inclusion in your report.

Geology is the study of the earth, its internal and external composition, structure, and processes by which it develops and is changed. Inasmuch as the earth is constantly changing, its processes and the history of its processes are important in the formation and preservation of economic mineral and hydrocarbon deposits.
As the earth changes, clues are formed that are important in the exploration for and the recovery of hydrocarbons. The history of the earth, and particularly the sedimentary record, is replete with clues, some obvious, some subtle, that provide important information in the search for natural resources and raw materials. Geologists, geophysicists, and engineers who explore for. find, and produce hydrocarbons must be able to interpret the geologic record and to evaluate physical, chemical, and biological parameters toward the successful conclusion of an exploration program. In this manner, the characteristics of the earth and its history tell the explorer and producer how hydrocarbons can be found profitably and eventually recovered and brought to market. <...>