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Автор(ы):Остроумов М.Н.
Издание:Elsevier, 2016 г., 218 стр., ISBN: 978-5-7325-0675-4
Язык(и)Английский (перевод с русского)
Amazonite: mineralogy, crystal chemistry, and typomorphism / Амазонит: минералогия, кристаллохимия и типоморфизм

Amazonite is a mineral that has attracted scientific attention for generations and has been studied by prominent geologists including A. des Cloiseaux, N.I. Koksharov, V.I. Vernadsky, A.E. Fersman, V.M. Goldschmidt, and A.N. Zavaritsky. The history of amazonite discovery and scientific research is rich in riddles, paradoxes, misconceptions, and presuppositions. The time and place of the first amazonite finding is heavily debated even today. The very name of the mineral seems paradoxical, as there have been no known amazonite fields in the Amazon River basin. Evaluations of the mineral’s significance remain quite controversial [1, 2, 23]. Despite more than two centuries of research history and innumerable papers dedicated to amazonite, it continues to draw the attention of geologists and mineralogists. What are the reasons for this continuing interest in amazonite? <...>

ТематикаМинералогия
МеткиАмазонит (7)
Автор(ы):Usher J.L.
Издание:Ottawa, 1958 г., 185 стр.
Язык(и)Английский
Ammonite faunas of the upper cretaceous rocks of Vancouver island, British Columbia / Аммониты верхнемеловых пород острова Ванкувер, Британская Колумбия

The Upper Cretaceous rocks of southeastern Vancouver Island contain important coal deposits, which have been known for more than a century and have long provided British Columbia with a major industry. Gradual depletion of the more accessible reserves has resulted in efforts both by company officials and, from time to time, by Government geologists, to acquire additional structural and stratigraphic information that might serve to prolong the life of these deposits <...>

Автор(ы):Monks N., Palmer P.
Издание:The Natural History Museum, 2002 г., 155 стр., ISBN: 1-58834-024-4
Язык(и)Английский
Ammonites / Аммониты

Most of what is written about ammonites is found in scientific journals, and an account of the natural history of ammonites for the general reader has long been overdue. The last such book, that went some way to bringing ammonites to the general reader was The ammonites: Their life and their world, was written by Ulrich Lehman and translated into English in 1981. Lehman drew from the latest scientific papers of the time, many of which he wrote himself, creating an impressive array of facts and theories which produced a detailed but very readable book. However, since its publication, palaeontologists have not just accumulated more information about ammonites but have also made some fundamental changes in the way ammonites are envisaged. The most significant has been the switch away from the nautilus as the prototype of the ammonite animal towards the more active cephalopods like the octopus. Any new book on ammonites must take into account these new observations and ideas, and in this book we describe some of the most important ones. <...>

ТематикаПалеонтология
МеткиАммониты (113)
Автор(ы):Schoch R.R.
Издание:Wiley Blackwell, 2012 г., 293 стр., ISBN: 978-0-470-65658-7
Язык(и)Английский
Amphibian evolution: the life of early land vertebrates / Эволюция земноводных: жизнь ранних сухопутных позвоночных

This book focuses on the first vertebrates to conquer the land, and on their long journey to become fully independent from the water. It will trace the origin of tetrapod features and try to explain how and why they transformed into organs that permit life on land. The classic idea of early land vertebrates is that they were similar to modern amphibians. Right or wrong, the vast majority of early tetrapods are therefore classified as amphibians (or more precisely their stem taxa). Accordingly, this book is centered on early amphibian evolution, a topic that effectively includes all early tetrapods, and it will also analyze facts and opinions on the origins of modern amphibians. The major part of the story covers events that occurred over the past 370 million years, but it is far from restricted to paleontology.

My own motivation to study the amphibian fossil record derives in large part from a fascination with the development, ecology, and evolution of their modern representatives. Therefore I consider many topics that can only be covered by examination of extant animals: features of the soft body, functions of organs that mediate breathing, feeding, hearing, and locomotion, the morphogenesis of body parts, larval development, metamorphosis, and ecology.

Редактор(ы):Ribbe P.H., Veblen D.R.
Издание:Mineralogical Society of America, 1982 г., 399 стр., ISBN: 0-939950-09-X
Язык(и)Английский
Amphiboles: petrology and experimental phase relations / Амфиболы: петрология и экспериментальные фазовые соотношения

This is the tenth book of a series which began in 1974 under the title Short Course Notes. In 1980 the Mineralogical Society of America changed the name and institutionalized this serial under the title Reviews in Mineralogy. The books published thus far are listed on the opposite page (p. ii); they are available at moderate cost from the Society. Volume 9B, "Amphiboles: Petrology and Experimental Phase Relations," was begun in 1981 in preparation for the Short Course on Amphiboles and Other Hydrous Pyriboles presented at Erlanger, Kentucky, October 29 - November 1, 1981, prior to the annual meetings of the Geological Society of America and associated societies. Unfortunately, only the first chapter was in manuscript form at the time of the short course, and publication was delayed by one year. Its printing coincides with that of Volume 10, "Characterization of Metamorphism through Mineral Equilibria," edited by John M. Ferry. <...>

Выпуск 24
Автор(ы):Childs C., Nicol A., Walsh J.J.
Издание:Pergamon, 2002 г., 7 стр.
Язык(и)Английский
An alternative model for the growth of faults

Conventional growth models suggest that faults become larger due to systematic increases in both maximum displacement and length. We propose an alternative growth model where fault lengths are near-constant from an early stage and growth is achieved mainly by increase in cumulative displacement. The model reconciles the scaling properties of faults and earthquakes and predicts a progressive increase in fault displacement to length ratios as a fault system matures. This growth scheme is directly applicable to reactivated fault systems in which fault lengths were inherited from underlying structure and established rapidly; the model may also apply to some non-reactivated fault systems. Near-constant fault lengths during subsequent growth are attributed to retardation of lateral propagation by interaction between fault tips. The model is validated using kinematic constraints from growth strata, which are displaced by a system of reactivated normal faults in the Timor Sea, NW Australia.

Выпуск 92
Автор(ы):Barton M.D., Ilchik R.P.
Издание:Economic geology, 1996 г., 20 стр.
Язык(и)Английский
An amagmatic origin of Carlin-type gold deposits

Carlin-type deposits are major sources of gold, yet their origins are enigmatic. Suggested genetic models make connections to magmatism, regional metamorphism, or regional extension. Depositional mechanisms are uncertain as well. We propose on the basis of geologic, physical, and chemical reasoning, a genetic model in which meteoric fluids were circulated by heat released during crustal extension. These fluids interacted at depth with the sedimentary rock pile and scavenged gold. Upon upwelling, these fluids interacted with various lithologies and/or other fluids and produced the characteristic alteration and metal suites of these deposits. To test the viability of this amagmatic model, we have investigated certain physical and chemical constraints implicit to the model.

Выпуск 256
Автор(ы):Bons P.D., Urai J.L.
Издание:Journal Tectonophysics, 1996 г., 20 стр.
Язык(и)Английский
An apparatus to experimentally model the dynamics of ductile shear zones

We present a ring-shear apparatus designed to deform soft, ductile rock analogues to arbitrarily high shear strains in simple shear, in experiments attempting to model processes that occur in natural ductile shear zones. The sintered specimen is deformed between two unsupported cylinders by two rotating grips, under a normal and shear stress up to 5 MPa and at temperatures up to 600 K. First results of experiments with octachloropropane (OCP, C3C18) and camphor (C10Hl6O) are presented.

Автор(ы):Fraser A.J., Gawthorpe R.L.
Редактор(ы):Fleet A.J.
Издание:The Geological Society of London, London, 2003 г., 99 стр.
Язык(и)Английский
An Atlas of Carboniferous Basin Evolution in Northern England / Атлас эволюции каменноугольных бассейнов в Северной Англии

Why an atlas of the Carboniferous in northern England? There can hardly be a more researched system in the whole of the British Isles, given its widespread distribution at outcrop and annual appearance in numerous PhD theses (including our own). But perhaps all we really know about the Carboniferous is no more than skimming the surface. In this atlas, using modern multifold seismic and borehole data collected by the oil industry in its search for petroleum accumulations, we can start to look beyond the surface exposures and gain some new insights into the structure and stratigraphy of the subsurface (and surface) Carboniferous. The main elements of this atlas are: (i) a series of regional seismic lines crossing all the basinal areas in northern England illustrating the Carboniferous in section, and (ii) a set of palaeofacies maps describing the evolution of the system in map view.

Выпуск 97
Издание:Economic geology, 2002 г., 6 стр.
Язык(и)Английский
An evaluation of fluid inclusion microthermometric data for orpiment-realgar-calcite-barite-gold mineralization at the betze and carlin mines, Nevada

Carlin-type deposits contain gold in association with main-stage quartz-pyrite-kaolinite mineralization and late-stage orpiment-realgar-calcite-barite mineralization. Fluid characteristics for main-stage mineralization are well documented by fluid inclusion and stable isotope studies on quartz. In contrast, fluid characteristics for late-stage mineralization are not well constrained because of large ranges in fluid inclusion microthermo-metric data. These ranges could represent real variations in fluids or be a result of the reequilibration of fluid inclusions.

Microthermometric analyses were conducted on fluid inclusions in samples of barite, calcite, realgar, and or-piment from the Betze and Carlin mines, Nevada. Petrographic studies of individual crystals and cleaved sections reveal that fluid inclusions in realgar and barite have negative crystal shapes, in contrast to elongate and rounded inclusions in orpiment and calcite. Point-count data document that one-phase liquid inclusions (type 1) are the dominant type in barite and realgar, relative to two-phase, vapor-poor inclusions (type 2) in calcite and orpiment. Type 2 inclusions in realgar and barite commonly reequilibrate (e.g., stretch) during analysis and exhibit ranges in homogenization temperatures (Th) of 100º to 250ºC and 110º to 300ºC, respectively. In contrast, type 2 inclusions in orpiment and calcite have Th of 108º to 182ºC, which could be repeated to within 1ºC. Based on these results, fluid inclusions in barite and realgar are most susceptible to reequilibration, with Th of ~100º to 110ºC most representative. Fluid salinities for orpiment and calcite are 1.7 to 5.4 wt percent NaCl equiv, relative to 1.1 to 2.9 wt percent NaCl equiv for barite and realgar. The lower Th and salinity for fluid inclusions in barite and realgar suggest fluid cooling and dilution, following the deposition of paragenetically earlier orpiment and calcite.

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