This report provides a descriptive model of heavy-mineral sands, which are sedimentary deposits of dense minerals that accumulate with sand, silt, and clay in coastal environments, locally forming economic concentrations of the heavy minerals. This deposit type is the main source of titanium feedstock for the titanium dioxide (TiO2) pigments industry, through recovery of the minerals ilmenite (Fe2+TiO3), rutile (TiO2), and leucoxene (an alteration product of ilmenite). Heavy-mineral sands are also the principal source of zircon (ZrSiO4) and its zirconium oxide; zircon is often recovered as a coproduct.

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has revolutionized our understanding of shale petroleum systems through microstructural characterization of dispersed organic matter (OM). However, as a result of the low atomic weight of carbon, all OM appears black in SEM (BSE [backscattered electron] image) regardless of differences in thermal maturity or OM type (kerogen types or solid bitumen).

Introduction to Carbonate Diagenesis
Marine Diagenesis: Modern and Ancient
Submarine lithification of Holocene carbonate sediments in the Persian Gulf
E.A. SHINN
Sedimentology 1969 12 109—144
A review of the origin and setting of tepees and their associated fabrics [abstract only, plus Figs. 9 and 10]
C.G.ST.C. KENDALL & J. WARREN Sedimentology 1987 34 1007—1027
Microbial alteration of Bahamian deep-sea carbonates [abstract only, plus Figs. 11, 12 and 13]
M.L. ZEFF & R.D. PERKINS Sedimentology 1979 26 175 —201
Holocene intertidal calcium carbonate cementation, Qatar, Persian Gulf [abstract only, plus Plates I a—f, V c and d]
J.C.M. TAYLOR & L.V. ILLING

Geologists are mainly concerned with the study of the lithosphere. The sedimentary and metasedimentary rocks, although they constitute only 5 % of the lithosphere by volume, they occupy 75% of the exposed land area (PETTIJOHN, 1957). Thus, the study of sedimentary rocks is the major problem of geology. An obvious question arises in the study of sedimentary rocks: Under what conditions and by which processes were the sedimentary rocks in question deposited.

Сборник трудов содержит материалы докладов, представленных на 8-м Всероссийском литологическом совещании (Москва, 27-30 октября 2015г.), посвященном рассмотрению эволюции осадочного процесса в истории Земли, изучению осадочных пород, их генезиса (включая рудогенез), а также рассмотрению современного состояния литологических исследований в России.
Сборник предназначен для широкого круга геологов и других специалистов, работающих в области исследования пород, а также преподавателей и студентов геологических ВУЗов.

During the past two to three decades, the scanning electron microscope (SEM) has become established as an essential tool in the study of sedimentary rocks, sediments, and soils. It provides a useful complement to the traditional role of the petrographic microscope, which became popular after the pioneering work of Henry Clifton Sorby in the second half of the nineteenth century (Sorby, 1877a,b, 1878).

Particle dislodgement from a flat sand bed by wind: a re-analysis of Willetts & Rice's data

Aeolian dynamics on the windward slope of a reversing transverse dune, Alexandria coastal dunefield, South Africa

Late Quaternary development of coastal parabolic megadune complexes in northeastern Australia

The modern and ancient pattern of sandHow through the southern Namib delation basin

The process sedimentology of tills is crucial to the understanding of the glacier ice–bed interface as a complex depositional, erosional and shear boundary layer. Consequently, it also plays a central role in deciphering the genesis of enigmatic subglacial bedforms such as drumlins, flutings and ribbed terrain. Yet, unlike the study of other boundary layers such as those that operate at the bed of fluvial, aeolian and deep water systems, our knowledge of subglacial process–formrelationships is relatively impoverished, largely due to the inaccessibility of glacier and ice sheet beds.

Geology today demands the knowledge of a large number of fundamental ideas which are provided by neighboring sciences. The student, or the geologist at the beginning of his career, runs the risk of losing himself in a multitude of details and complications, which will seldom be useful to him. To guide him, we have endeavored to prepare a work which is easy to read, not overburdened with tables and graphs, and which avoids swamping the reader with all the details of many specialized disciplines. Our aim is to stress the general facts and to bring out the conclusions which will enable the reader to reconstruct the great events that have taken place in the past on the surface of the earth. <...>