Composition and evolution of fluids depositing tin and tungsten ores in Kibaran quartz vein deposits allow the modelling of devolatizing evolved granites as their source at depth. Fluids forming gold quartz veins and breccias are different from the first, especially by showing characteristics of a high-pressure environment. All deposits are controlled by compressional deformation whose fading phases affect earlier formed veins. These findings lead to the conclusion that both anatectic melting resulting in intrusion of fertile granites, and the generation of fluids forming gold deposits are the final consequence of deep crustal metamorphism. The latter was caused by crustal thickening immediately preceding the metallogenetic climax. <...>

The Kibara belt is an intracontinental mobile belt formed between 1400 and 900 Ma within a craton of Lower Proterozoic age. The belt's evolution started by early rifting at about 1400 Ma, and continued by transition into a marine basin filled by clastic sediments > 10 km thick, with minor basic and acidic volcanic rocks. At about 1300 Ma, the pile was deformed by thrusting and folding of the main Kibaran Orogeny and intruded by numerous large syn-orogenic granite bodies.