The papers in this volume are all dedicated to Professor Paul Ramdohr, on the occasion of his 90th anniversary. The authors - and many more professional colleagues, friends, and students - owe an immense measure of gratitude to him for his guidance in scientific work and related problems, including principles of teaching and research.

Today’s Turkey occupies an important geopolitical location: the junction of Europe and Asia. Geographically, Turkey is composed of Anatolia (the so-called Asia Minor) and Thrace, an eastern section of Europe. The Sea of Marmara, which is an inland sea, together with the Dardanelles and the Bosphorus separates Anatolia from Thrace and, at the same time, Asia from Europe. Being surrounded on three sides – by the Mediterranean Sea to the south, the Aegean Sea to the west and the Black Sea to the north – Turkey offers the characteristics of a peninsula. Turkey is one of the charter members of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and G20 (the Group of 20) where the world’s leading industrialised and developing countries meet to gather and discuss international affairs. The Customs Union Agreement between Turkey and the European Union plays a significant role in the development of the foreign tradecapability of the country. Construction, automotive, electronics, banking, textiles, petrochemistry, food, mining, agriculture and machinery industries are currently the leading sectors of Turkey’s economy <...>

Plate tectonics, as it operates in the modern earth, represents in a fundamental sense a mechanism by which excess thermal energy from the mantle is dissipated (Sclater et ai., 1980). A substantial data base now exists concerning the operation of plate tectonics during Phanerozoic time, and evidence for similar tectonic activity during Proterozoic time appears to be steadily growing, both in quantity and quality.

What is economic geology? It may be defined as the study of geological bodies and materials that may be useful to mankind. The materials included are fuels, metallic and non-metallic minerals, rocks and water. This book will exclude considerations of water and building materials, and will concentrate on ores and fuels.

Some people may say that economic geology is a subdiscipline within the geological sciences, but this is not strictly correct, for it is unlike other su}?disciplines, such as palaeontology, igneous petrology, structural geology, and so on, which all go to make up the science of geology, for each of these can exist independently. Economic geology cannot exist as a separate discipline, for it has to be based on the broad spectrum of the geological sciences.

The Precambrians of India are the principal sources of iron and manganese, base metal, gold and alloy metal ore deposits and a host of non-metallic substances of industrial use. A spectacular limeament divides the Indian peninsular shield into two contrasted segments. The southern segment is girdled by an Archean granulite belt. Inwards, gneissess and two distinct Greenstone-banded iron sequences span the Lower Proterozoic time and perhaps the Middle Proterozoic too. Upper Proterozoic platform cover rests unconformably on them in separate basins. In the northern segment the greenstone belts are not so distinct, and the Middle Proterozoic has a better development. Upper Proterozoic platform cover is more widespread. <...>

These bibliographies and the notes that accompany them have been prepared to aid the economic geologist in his study of ore deposits; they certainly will not do all of his work for him. I have tried to include all ore districts in northern Europe for which sufficient material is available in print to permit a student of ore deposits to obtain a real understanding of each of the northern European deposits in this Volume. Of the deposits selected from the impressive number available from the Soviet Union, only a small sample could be chosen. Those selected are ones for which the literature is sufficient to permit study in some detail by the student but only if he reads Russian with ease <...>

These bibliographies and the notes that accompany them have been prepared to aid the economic geologist in his study of ore deposits; they certainly will not do all his work for him. I have tried to include all ore districts in Africa, Asia (exclusive of the U.S.S.R.) and Australasia for which sufficient material is available in print to permit a student of ore deposits to obtain a real understanding of any one of the deposits. I have tried to include as many references as possible in languages other than English. <...>

 Iran is positioned on the southwest of Asia forming a bridge connecting three continents of Asia, Europe, and Africa. It is bordered by Azerbaijan, Armenia, Turkmenistan, and the Caspian Sea on the north, Afghanistan and Pakistan on the east, Oman Sea and Persian Gulf on the south, and Turkey and Iraq on the west (Road Atlas of Iran 2004 ) . The country is part of the Iranian Plateau that constitutes a vast and high terrane, which is bordered by the Caspian Sea on the north, Amu Darya, Syr Darya, and Kora River plains on the northeast, Sindh and Punjab Rivers plain on the southeast, the Oman Sea and the Persian Gulf on the south, and the Tigris river plain on the southwest (Comprehensive Geography of Iran 1987 ) <...>

1. The timing and location of major ore deposits in an evolving orogen: the geodynamic context

2. Global comparisons of volcanic-hosted massive sulphide districts

3. Tectonic controls on magmatic-hydro-thermal gold mineralization in the magmatic arcs of SE Asia

4. Timing and tectonic controls in the evolving orogen of SE Asia and the western Pacific and some implications for ore generation

5. Correlating magmatic-hydrothermal ore deposit formation over time with geodynamic processes in SE collision Europe

6. Contrasting Late Cretaceous with Neogene ore provinces in the Alpine-Balkan-Carpathian-Dinaride collision belt

7. Auriferous arsenopyritepyrite and stibnite mineralization from the Siflitz-Guginock Area (Austria): indications for hydrothermal activity during Tertiary oblique terrane accretion in the Eastern Alps

“Structural Control” remains a crucial point that is frequently absent in scientific and/or economic analyses of ore deposits, whatever their type and class, although a selection of references illustrates its importance [1–5]. The case of lode deposits is particularly adapted, but other types, like breccia pipes, stockwork, massive sulphides, skarn, etc., also concern Structural Control. Works on the Structural Control of ore deposits are not abundant in the recent literature, and, as frequently suggested, structural geology often is not sufficiently developed in the exploration programs of many mining camp’s strategies.