A velocity model can have enduring and growing interpretive value, beyond its initial creation as a means to optimize the seismic image. The 3D velocity model is often built carefully with a combination of geophysical and geological input, because of the accuracy demands placed on it by the requirements of depth imaging. As such, this model becomes an increasingly effective interpretive tool.
This course addresses the ways in which the interpreter should participate in the development of the velocity model, and underscores its interpretive value with numerous case study examples. <...>

This book, Seismic Attribute Mapping of Structure and Stratigraphy, by Satinder Chopra and Kurt J. Marfurt, is designed specihcally as a companion to Marfurt’s 2006 DISC presentation of the same title and is composed primarily of figures from a forthcoming SEG book by the same authors, Seismic Attributes for Prospect Identification and Reservoir Characterization.

Three-dimensional (3D) seismic data have had a substantial impact on the successful exploration and production of  hydrocarbons. Although most commonly acquired by the oil and gas exploration industry, these data are starting to be used as  a research tool in other Earth sciences disciplines. However despite some innovative new directions of academic  investigation, most of the examples of how 3D seismic data have increased our understanding of the structure and stratigraphy  of sedimentary basins come from the industry that acquired these data.

Цель курса:

Изучение базовых положений сейсморазведки и основных современных методик ин-терпретации, применяющихся с целью качественного и количественного описания строения месторождений нефти и газа.

Рассматриваются статистические задачи и методы их решения в системах пассивной сейсмической локации (ПСЛ), эффективность которых в значительной мере определяется применяемыми методами обработки сигналов. Исследуются основные локационные задачи, такие как обнаружение сейсмически активных объектов, оценивание характеристик движения, определение типа объекта (классификация). Предложенные методы получили свое развитие при работе авторов над реальными проектами по созданию новых систем ПСЛ. Большая роль в развитии статистической теории ПСЛ принадлежит экспериментам, значительная часть которых выполнена на сейсмическом полигоне Новосибирского государственного технического университета.

The propagation of energy via waves is a familiar phenomenon in our everyday life. The particular waves to be studied here are seismic waves which are intentionally created to image the interior of the earth [1], [8] and [21]. Our three dimensional earth consists of more than the geological structures we are accustomed to thinking about, much of the earth is fluid or fluid-like. Here the principal fluids of interest are hydrocarbons. The other essential fluid to consider is water. The fluid-like materials include the many gases trapped in earth, gases like carbon dioxide, helium, and natural gas. Actually, we may not be aware of the less visible subsurface structure, but all of the surface geology you can observe, and more, exists in some form under the surface <...>

The oil and gas business has witnessed over the past decade a quantum leap in effectiveness of geophysics in E&P operations. Indeed the industry may never before have witnessed a technological advance as profound as or with the overwhelming business impact of 3-D seismic. Under refinement and development for almost three decades, the 1990s saw the coalescing of technical cross currents that have shaken the economic foundations of the oil and gas industry, and have fueled a world economic growth spurt. Today oil prices have been reported as being at the lowest level in 50 years, due in a major part to inordinately high supplies; that is, higher volumes found by 3-D seismic. <...>

In the past decade, 3D reflection seismology has replaced 2D seismology almost entirely in the seismic industry. Recording 3D surveys has become the norm instead of the exception. The application of 2D seismology is limited mostly to reconnaissance surveys or to locations where recording 3D data is still prohibitively expensive, such as in rough mountains and wild forests. However, academic research and teaching have struggled to keep up with the 3D revolution. As a consequence of this tardiness, no books are available that introduce the theory of seismic imaging from the 3D perspective. This book is aimed at filling the gap.

Настоящий сборник включает работы, посвященные решению некоторых кинематических и динамических задач сайсморазведки, изучению теории электромеханических аналогий и эквивалентов и исследованию интерференционных систем.

Лабораторные работы предназначены для студентов

АВО (AVO) (Amplitude Variation with Offset)-анализ в интерпретации сейсмических данных стал очень доступной, легко реализуемой и потому почти обязательной процедурой. На него возлагаются сегодня самые большие надежды нефтяников в части прогноза коллекторских свойств и нефтегазоносности природных резервуаров. Накоплен значительный опыт успехов и ошибок. Настало время вновь вернуться к теоретическим основам, проанализировать реальные возможности и ограничения метода с учетом современного состояния сейсморазведки. Курс рекомендуется в первую очередь всем, занимающимся вопросами динамической интерпретации сейсмических данных, а также геологам, которые ставят задачи геофизикам. <...>