The notion that mining can contribute positively to the economic and human development of mineral wealth countries makes a lot of sense, especially given the huge revenue mineral wealth developing countries can generate from the sector to alleviate poverty.

Composition and evolution of fluids depositing tin and tungsten ores in Kibaran quartz vein deposits allow the modelling of devolatizing evolved granites as their source at depth. Fluids forming gold quartz veins and breccias are different from the first, especially by showing characteristics of a high-pressure environment. All deposits are controlled by compressional deformation whose fading phases affect earlier formed veins. These findings lead to the conclusion that both anatectic melting resulting in intrusion of fertile granites, and the generation of fluids forming gold deposits are the final consequence of deep crustal metamorphism. The latter was caused by crustal thickening immediately preceding the metallogenetic climax. <...>

The Kibara belt is an intracontinental mobile belt formed between 1400 and 900 Ma within a craton of Lower Proterozoic age. The belt's evolution started by early rifting at about 1400 Ma, and continued by transition into a marine basin filled by clastic sediments > 10 km thick, with minor basic and acidic volcanic rocks. At about 1300 Ma, the pile was deformed by thrusting and folding of the main Kibaran Orogeny and intruded by numerous large syn-orogenic granite bodies.

Te mining sector is essential in the economic development of many resource rich African countries as it has the potential to fnance infrastructural developments which are much needed in Africa. Tis is due to the fact that various minerals are used as raw materials in different sectors including construction and transport. Most importantly, mineral materials also play an important role in industrialization and urbanization which are now rapidly escalating on the continent.

North Africa contains some 4% of the world's remaining oil and gas reserves, and is now one of the most active exploration areas. This volume represents the first attempt at a compilation of the petroleum geology of North Africa, documenting a series of papers collected on the petroleum geology of Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Ubya and the western part of Egypt. The main objectives of this book are to increase the level of documentation towards that appropriate for such major petroleum provinces and to facilitate the application of analogues between North African countries and beyond.

The geological maps show that Africa is almost entirely made up of basement Precambrian rocks. The only exceptions are constituted by northwestern and southern parts of the continent where narrow Phanerozoic mountains belts are stacked against the Precambrian landmass. Structurally, the Precambrian geology of Africa is grossly divided into cratons and mobile belts (Petters, 1991). The two most important cratons are the West African craton and the Congo (Zaire) craton (Fig. 1 (a,b)). Surrounding the cratons are the belts, which have been deformed or metamorphosed during the Early Palaeozoic Pan-African orogeny. Cratonic nuclei are observed in the central, northeastern and northwestern parts of the Congo (Zaire) craton. According to Cahen (1984), the African orogenic history indicates that the bulk of this craton was stabilised after an early Proterozoic orogeny. The history of the tectonic evolution of Africa is based on a collection of radiometric ages.

В объяснительной записке к «Карте четвертичных отложений Африки» масштаба 1 : 5 000 000 дано описание основных генетических типов пород четвертичного возраста. Впервые по единой стратиграфической схеме для всего континента проведено их расчленение и дано сопоставление основных литостратиграфических комплексов аллювиальных, озерных и аллювиальноозерных образований, проведена корреляция морских трансгрессий для побережий континента.

It is with deep regret to report that ‘Palaeoecology of Africa (PoA)’ lost two of its long-time editorial board members: the German-born, US-American geographer, palaeoecologist and archaeologist, Karl W. Butzer in 2016; and the French palaeobiologist (diatom specialist), palaeoclimatologist and palaeohydrologist, Françoise Gasse in 2014. Both supported and accompanied over many years the long-term success story of PoA.