y The study of the materials that make up Earth, the processes that form and change these materials, and the history of the planet and its life-forms since its origin is the branch of Earth science known as geology. Geologists identify rocks, study glacial movements, interpret clues to Earth’s 4.6-billion-year history, and determine how forces change our planet. <...>

Ежегодный Государственный доклад представляет собой информационноаналитический материал, содержащий систематизированные данные о фактическом состоянии окружающей природной среды Российской Федерации в 2021 году, в т.ч. информацию о состоянии отдельных компонентов природной среды и видов природных ресурсов, естественных экосистем, о происходящих процессах и явлениях, о природных и антропогенных факторах, включая сведения об основных отраслях экономической деятельности, влияющих на состояние окружающей среды, анализ, тенденции и прогноз их воздействия на окружающую среду, об основных достижениях в государственном регулировании охраны окружающей среды и природопользования.

Ежегодный Государственный доклад представляет собой информационноаналитический материал, содержащий систематизированные данные о фактическом состоянии окружающей природной среды Российской Федерации в 2022 г., в т.ч. информацию о состоянии отдельных компонентов природной среды и видов природных ресурсов, естественных экосистем, о происходящих процессах и явлениях, о природных и антропогенных факторах, включая сведения об основных отраслях экономической деятельности, влияющих на состояние окружающей среды, анализ, тенденции и прогноз их воздействия на окружающую среду, об основных достижениях в государственном регулировании охраны окружающей среды и природопользования.

Applications of concepts and methods of physics and chemistry to geology resulted in the field of Isotope Geochemistry which has revolutionized our understanding of our Earth system and our environment. When isotope techniques applied to understanding environmental changes that have taken place in the anthropocene, the resultant field can be defined as Environmental Isotope Geochemistry.

The volume ‘‘Environmental Geochemistry: Site Characterization, Data Analysis, Case Histories’’ contains selected papers presented at the ‘‘Workshop: Environmental Geochemistry—Site Characterization, Waste Disposal, Data Analysis, Case Histories’’ held in Napoli (Italy) on May 4–5, 2006. Participants from private and public institutions of Canada, Finland, Greece, Italy, the UK, and USA, took part.

Acid rain is used loosely to describe both acidic gases in the atmosphere and, more precisely, rain, mist or snow containing acid compounds of sulphur and nitrogen. Two main gases contribute to the formation of acid rain: sulphur(IV) oxide (SO2), produced by burning fossil fuels which contain sulphur, such as coal and oil; and oxides of nitrogen (NOx), which are formed when anything is burnt. The formation of acids from these gases and the way in which they move through the atmosphere are also affected by other pollutants, including ozone. The main sources of sulphur dioxide and oxides of nitrogen are power stations which burn fossil fuels, other large industrial combustion plants and motor vehicles <...>

Environmental chemistry, Seventh Edition, continues much the same organizational structure, level, and emphasis that have been developed through preceding editions. In addition to providing updated material in the rapidly developing area of environmental chemistry, this edition emphasizes several major concepts that are proving essential to the practice of environmental chemistry at the beginning of the new millennium.

Topography is at once a fundamental and a subtle environmental factor. It wields large and small influences over all other factors of the ecosphere -climate, water storage and movement, soils, animals and plants, and human activities. Several conspicuous topographic influences are well known. Most readers will be aware that a hike up a mountain is the climatic equivalent of a trek from a lower to a higher latitude. They will also be familiar with the stark climatic and botanical contrasts between northfacing and south-facing slopes in the European Alps. Subtle influences are not so well known but are equally significant.

В пособии представлены работы, которые можно использовать для оценки изменяющихся условий в индустриальных центрах, акватории, почве с помощью широко распространенных объектов: насекомых, гидробионтов, почвенных червей, паразитов, растений – и анализа сложившейся ситуации в связи с антропогенными загрязнениями и естественной эволюцией экосистем, а также урбанизированных территорий.

Пособие предназначено для учителей, учащихся, студентов, осваивающих методы биомониторинга в оценке состояния наземных и водных экосистем.

The question of energy use underlies virtually all environmental issues. The harnessing of energy for the manifold needs of industrial civilization has driven economic development, and access to affordable energy has been the key to a better life for people around the world. At the same time the environmental costs of human energy consumption are becoming ever more apparent: oil spills, the scarring of land by mining, air and water pollution, and the threat of global warming from the accumulation of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases. Increasingly, maintaining an expanding supply of cheap energy seems to clash with concern for the environmental costs of such expansion. In this part of the book, we explore the background of energy production and energy consumption, and examine the prospects for meeting the energy needs of society while protecting the environment.