This volume was edited by Russell I. Hemley in preparation for a short course by the same title, organized together with Ho-kwang Mao and sponsored by the Mineralogical Society of America, December 4-6, 1998 on the campus of the University of California at Davis. This is number 37 in the Reviews in Mineralogy series, begun in 1974 and continuing with vigor, at least into the near future, with volumes on "Uranium Mineralogy and Geochemistry," on "Sulfate Mineralogy," and on "Natural Zeolites" planned for 1999 and 2000. Volume 36 (1056 pagesl), "Planetary Materials," edited by 1.1. Papike, appeared earlier this year, and it is certainly not unrelated to the subject of this volume on the physics and chemistry of the deep interior of one of the planets. Rus Hemley has highlighted Reviews in Mineralogy Volumes 14, 18, 20 and 29 as particularly relevant to the subject matter of "Ultrahigh-Pressure Mineralogy."

В наши дни прогресс знаний о Земле, особенно об околоземном пространстве, очень велик. Темп исследований в области физики атмосферы, физики моря и физики твердой Земли непрерывно возрастает. Этот все ускоряющийся прогресс наук о Земле тесно связан с важными практическими запросами.

В монографии Т. Рикитаки «Электромагнетизм и внутреннее строение Земли» обстоятельно изложены теоретические основы земного магнетизма и его вековых изменений с современных позиций теорйи динамо. Рассмотрены вопросы теории суточных вариаций магнитного поля Земли, магнитных бурь и других нерегулярных возмущений.

Эта книга о пещерах, их изучении и использовании в качестве природных исследовательских лабораторий, где человек может испытать свою выносливость, волю и способность жить и работать в условиях полной изоляции, абсолютной тишины и мрака. Подобные исследования приобретают все большее значение в связи с освоением космоса и Мирового океана.

Автор интересно и занимательно рассказывает о сущности и целях спелеологии, об особенностях подземных пустот и пропастей в различных природных районах и, в частности, о своем научном эксперименте — 205-дневном пребывании в пещере Миднайт (США).
Адресована географам, геологам, спелеологам, медикам и широким читательским кругам.

This book concerns the nature, origin, evolution and signifi cance of Earth materials. Earth is composed of a variety of naturally occurring and synthetic materials whose composition can be expressed in many ways. Solid Earth materials are described by their chemical, mineral and rock composition. Atoms combine to form minerals and minerals combine to form rocks. Discussion of the relationships between atoms, minerals and rocks is fundamental to an understanding of Earth materials and their behavior.

The term mineral is used in a number of ways. For example, elements on your typical breakfast cereal box are listed as minerals. Oil and gas are considered mineral resources. All these are loose interpretations of the term mineral. <...>

All aspects of the Earth’s history and structure, including its majestic mountains, giant rift valleys, and deep ocean basins, were fashioned by mobile crustal plates.The Earth’s outer shell is made up of a dozen or o plates composed of the upper mantle, or lithosphere, and the overlying continental and oceanic crust.The plates ride on the semimolten rocks of the upper mantle and carry the continents along with them.The movement of the plates accounts for all geologic activity taking place on the planet’s surface. In this manner, plate tectonics is continously changing and rearranging the face of the Earth.

Applications of seismology to the study of the Earth’s interior are only a little over 100 years old. Its tools in determining the properties of inaccessible Earth are the most powerful among all geophysical methods. The principal reasons are the availability of natural (earthquakes) or controlled (explosions and vibrators) sources of elastic waves and their relatively low attenuation with distance.

New Theory of the Earth is an interdisciplinary advanced textbook on all aspects of the interior of the Earth and its origin, composition, and evolution: geophysics, geochemistry, dynamics, convection, mineralogy, volcanism, energetics and thermal history. This is the only book on the whole landscape of deep Earth processes that ties together all the strands of the subdisciplines.

This book is a complete update of Anderson’s Theory of the Earth (1989). It includes dozens of new figures and tables. A novel referencing system using Googlets is introduced that allows immediate access to supplementary material via the internet. There are new sections on tomography, self-organization, and new approaches to plate tectonics. The paradigm/paradox approach to developing new theories is developed, and controversies and contradictions have been brought more center-stage. As with the Theory of the Earth, this new edition will prove to be a stimulating textbook for advanced courses in geophysics, geochemistry, and planetary science, and a supplementary textbook on a wide range of other advanced Earth science courses. It will also be an essential reference and resource for all researchers in the solid Earth sciences.

Изучение строения земной коры, ее теплового режима и их влияния на нефтегазоносность является актуальной задачей современной геологии и геофизики. Прежде всего, это связано с развитием современных геофизических методов изучения строения земной коры и верхней мантии. Одним из ключевых методов, развитие которого претерпело качественный скачок в последние два десятилетия, является спутниковая гравиметрия.