Добрый день, Коллеги. Важное сообщение, просьба принять участие. Музей Ферсмана ищет помощь для реставрационных работ в помещении. Подробности по ссылке
Carbon plays a fundamental role on Earth. It forms the chemical backbone for all essential organic molecules produced by living organisms. Carbon-based fuels supply most of society’s energy, and atmospheric carbon dioxide has a huge impact on Earth’s climate. This book provides a complete history of the emergence and development of the new interdisciplinary field of deep carbon science. It traces four centuries of history during which the inner workings of the dynamic Earth were discovered, and it documents the extraordinary scientific revolutions that changed our understanding of carbon on Earth forever: carbon’s origin in exploding stars; the discovery of the internal heat source driving the Earth’s carbon cycle; and the tectonic revolution. Written with an engaging narrative style and covering the scientific endeavors of about 150 pioneers of deep geoscience, this is a fascinating book for students and researchers working in Earth system science and deep carbon research.
The microstructure of a quartzite experimentally deformed and partially recrystallised at 900 °C, 1.2 GPa confining pressure and strain rate 10~ /s was investigated using orientation contrast and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). Boundaries between misoriented domains (grains or subgrains) were determined by image analysis of orientation contrast images. In each domain, EBSD measurements gave the complete quartz lattice orientation and enabled calculation of misorientation angles across every domain boundary. Results are analysed in terms of the boundary density, which for any range of misorientations is the boundary length for that range divided by image area. This allows a more direct comparison of misorientation statistics between different parts of a sample than does a treatment in terms of boundary number.
It is our impression that, over the last couple of decades, fluvial geomorphology and fluvial sedimentary geology have been developing in parallel, rather than in conjunction as might be expected. Though we tell our students that these are interdependent disciplines, perusal of the literature uggests there has been a failure of each domain to inform and recognize the needs of the other. Many facts have been collected, from both modem and ancient examples, yet our widerstanding of the sedimentary record of 1ivers eems not to have advanced significantly. It is still a struggle to map the architecture ob erved in the preserved rock record to the genetic components recorded from active modern rivers. Determination of the lateral extent and va1iation of lithofacies remains exceedingly problematic, especially in the subsurface.
The stratifi ed red beds of the Catskill Formation are conspicuous in road cut exposureson the Allegheny Plateau of north-central Pennsylvania. During this fi eld trip we will visit and explore several fossil localities within the Catskill Formation. These sites have been central to recent investigations into the nature of Late Devonian continental ecosystems. By the Late Devonian, forests were widespread within seasonally wellwatered depositional basins and the spread of plants on land from the late Silurian through the Devonian set the stage for the radiation of animals in both freshwater and terrestrial settings.
Part 1: Contribution of Geochemistry to the Study of the Earth, 1 1. Geochemistry and Secular Geochemical Evolution of the Earth’s Mantle and Lower Crust Balz S. Kamber 2. Crustal Evolution – A Mineral Archive Perspective C.J. Hawkesworth, A.I.S. Kemp, B. Dhuime and C.D. Storey
3. Discovering the History of Atmospheric Oxygen Heinrich D. Holland 4. Geochemistry of the Oceanic Crust Karsten M. Haase
A quantitative introduction to the Solar System and planetary systems science for advanced undergraduate students, this engaging new textbook explains the wide variety of physical, chemical and geological processes that govern the motions and properties of planets.
The title Fundamentals and Applications of Rock Mechanics deals with the foundation of mechanics applied to rock engineering. It is a discipline firmly engaged with the basic and applied researches and activities comprising mining, civil constructions and foundations, dams, vehicular and hydroelectric tunnels, caverns, slope stability, underground storage facilities for foods, fuels, and waste material, underground disposal of municipal and radioactive waste, petroleum wellbore and others. The term ‘rock mechanics’ signifies the basic sciences of mechanics applied to rock and rock masses. It is also a discipline which analyses the stability of structures made of/on the rock masses.
The word “clays” was assigned early to fine grained material in geological formations (Agricola 1546) or soils (de Serres 1600). Clays have been identified as mineral species in the begining of the 19th century in the production of ceramic materials (Brongniart 1844). Then Ebelmen (1847) carefully analyzed the decomposition of rocks under chemical attack and the way that porcelain can be commonly made. Since this pionner works, the definition of clays has varied.
Seismology has been defined as “the science based on data called seismograms” (Aki and Richards, 1980). The definition misses the urgency of human suffering caused by the complex phenomena called earthquakes. It also tends to restrict membership of our club to people who know their way around seismograms, rather than to those who make use of other kinds of input such as theoretical physics, fault displacements, or time series of seismic events. Actually seismograms tell us far less about earthquakes than we need to know. They are like unreliable couriers sent abroad with a long complicated message: By the time they get to their destination they tell us all about the incidents along the way but the original message has been forgotten.<...>