Geological survey of Finland. Mineral deposits and metallogeny of Fennoscandia / Геологическая служба Финляндии. Месторождения полезных ископаемых и металлогения Фенноскандии

This book aims to give the first comprehensive explanation of the metallogenic areas of Fennoscandia, which have recently been described in the Metallogenic Map of the Fennoscandian Shield. The Fennoscandian metallogenic map shows the extent of presently known metallogenic areas. They are defined by the presence of metal mines, deposits, favourable bedrock geology, and by indications from geophysical and geochemical surveys. The following metals are included: Ag, Au, Be, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Nb, Ni, Pb, Pd, Pt, Rh, REE, Sc, Sn, Ta, Ti, U, V, W, Y, Zn and Zr. The potential for exploration and mining is expressed by two types of areas: ‘Areas of good exploration potential’ include most of the known occurrences, past and present mines, and bedrock assumed to contain more deposits. Areas with the ‘highest potential for new discoveries’ are specifically indicated within these domains

There are 168 major metallogenic areas within Fennoscandia. Of these areas, 47 are entirely or mostly in Finland, 40 in Norway, 40 in Russia, and 41 in Sweden. These include 24 areas that cross international borders. In terms of metal groups, there are 48 areas showing potential predominantly for ferrous metals (Fe, Mn, Ti, V, Cr), 36 for copper, zinc and/or lead, 31 for precious metals (Ag, Au, Pd, Pt), 30 for nickel or cobalt, and 11 for metals mostly used in modern, advanced technologies (‘high-tech metals’ Li, Nb, REE, Ta, Zr). More than 30 major genetic types of metal deposits are known from Fennoscandia. According to past production and present resources, the most significant types and areas include: apatite-iron ore (Kiruna), BIF (Kostomuksha), carbonatite and peralkaline intrusion- associated rare metals (Kola Province), black shale-hosted U (alum shales in Sweden), mafic intrusion-hosted Ti-Fe±V (Tellnes), mafic to ultramafic-hosted Cr (Kemi), magmatic Ni-Cu-PGE (Pechenga, Portimo), orogenic gold (Kittilä), porphyry Cu-Au (Aitik), VMS (Bergslagen, Skellefte, Vihanti-Pyhäsalmi, Caledonides), and the somewhat enigmatic cases of Outokumpu Cu-Co and Talvivaara Ni-Zn. <...>