Clay mineral cements in sandstones / Глинистые минеральные цементы в песчаниках

Clays are one of the most important groups of minerals that destroy permeability in sandstones, but they also react with drilling and completion fluids and induce fine-particle migrationduring hydrocarbon production. They are a very complex family of minerals that commonly are mutually intergrown and contain a wide range of solid solutions and form by a wide range of processes. They form under a wide diversity of pressure and temperature conditions, as well as rock and fluid compositional conditions. In this volume, clay minerals in sandstones are reviewed in terms of their mineralogy and general occurrence, their stable and radiogenic isotope geochemistry and their relationship to sequence stratigraphy and palaeoclimate. Their relationship to the petrophysical properties of sandstones and their use in drilling technologies are also covered. The controls on the various clay minerals are addressed and a variety of geochemical issues, including the importance of mass flux, links to carbonate mineral diagenesis and linked clay diagenesis in interbedded mudstone–sandstone are explored. The thorny issue of the quantification of clay minerals using XRD (X-ray diffraction) is tackled from  a variety of technical angles. A number of case studies are included for kaolin, illite and  chlorite clay cements, and the occurrence of smectite in sandstone also is reviewed. Clay minerals grow at rates that are only just becoming known;  experimental data on clay cements in sandstones are thus reviewed and there are two model-based case studies that address the rates of growth of kaolinite and illite. <...>