Geology and mineralogy of gemstones / Геология и минералогия драгоценных камней

Earth Science departments at universities across North America are diversifying their academic offerings for entry level science courses. Among topics that are catching on are the mineralogy and geology of gem materials. This textbook aims to support these courses. At the same time, the geological settings that give rise to gemstone deposits are as unique and fascinating as those for precious and base metal deposits. Gemstones also have captivating connections to our cultural history, from the well-celebrated diamond deposits of South Africa to the lesser known occurrences of semiprecious gemstones that are dotted across every continent. The interdisciplinary aspect of gemstone deposits provides wonderful natural laboratories to better understand the Earth’s processes and how human civilization has exploited the Earth’s natural resources for its beautiful treasures. However, with this comes a need to consider the economic, political, social, environmental, health, and ethical impacts of extracting precious stones whether by large-scale, small-scale artisanal, or illegal mining operations. Earth’s human population continues to grow and urbanize, and to increase its consumption of nonrenewable resources such as gemstones, so the human, environmental, and ethical implications of these practices are more important now than ever.
This book is designed for undergraduate learners and satisfies the needs of both lower level introductory courses and upper level geoscience curricula. It is intended to include basic concepts of geology in the context of a low-to-mid level understanding of gem deposits. It also includes some fundamentals of mineralogy in order to put the understanding of physical properties of gems in context. It is not intended as a replacement for an “Introduction to Mineralogy” textbook, but does include sections of sufficient depth of knowledge for an upper level “Mineralogy and Geology of Gemstones” course. It is also not intended to replace a “Determinative Gemology” reference book, but briefly covers common tools and the properties they measure/exploit. The references at the end of each chapter should also allow students and instructors to easily access the original “raw” scientific information for further study, either for personal interest, as stepping stones for semester capstone projects, or for inspiration to undertake scientific research into the geological world of gemstone deposits.<...>