Engineering geology / Инженерная геология

Planned economy presumes that all undertakings are premeditated and prepared in detail. The main condition for good planning is therefore reliable preparation of materials and a comprehensive knowledge of the problem, with due consideration of every factor involved.
All engineering projects must be assessed in the light of the geological structure of the area, since each cubic metre of earth excavated, every loading of the land surface and each pile driven into the ground will interfere with the existing natural state of equilibrium. To design an engineering work without knowing the type of soil on which it is to be built, would be as unreasonable as to design a structure from material of unknown properties. Knowledge of natural conditions is therefore a prerequisite of all planning. Although modern methods make it possible to accomplish very bold engineering works under adverse conditions, good planning should aim at economic performance, without superfluous expense or unnecessary difficulties. To attain this objective the designers must take into consideration the geological setting of the area <...>