Volcanology. Processes, deposits, geology and resources / Вулканология. Процессы, месторождения, геология и ресурсы

Volcanic eruptions have been one of the most fundamental influences on the Earth’s evolution throughout its 4.54 Ga history. Volcanic eruptions formed the Earth’s crust, were the source for the atmosphere and oceans and are arguably the basis for life on Earth. Huge eruptions have almost certainly caused climate change and influenced mass extinction events. The dynamic and varied nature of volcanic eruptions in subaerial, subaqueous, and subglacial environments and the processes by which eruption products are dispersed across the Earth’s surface, the spectrum of volcanic deposit types, and their potential enormous volumes and dispersal distances make volcanic hazards among the most dangerous and threatening natural hazards on Earth. Throughout Earth’s history, volcanism has produced a huge spectrum of natural resources that our society depends on, including base metals (Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni), precious metals (Au, Ag), platinum group elements (PGE), diamonds, and in modern times, it is the source for geothermal energy. <...>