Precambrian geology of Finland key to the evolution of the fennoscandian shield / Геология докембрия Финляндии - ключ к эволюции фенноскандинавского щита

The Fennoscandian (or Baltic) Shield represents the largest outcropping domain of Precambrian bedrock in Europe, covering more than a million km2 throughout Norway, Sweden, Finland, and northwestern Russia. This book focuses on Finland, which occupies the central part of the shield and which, since the advent of modern geology in the 19th century, has been instrumental in a number of fundamental insights and advances in understanding Earth processes. Wilhelm Ramsay, who was the Professor of Geology and Mineralogy at the University of Helsinki in 1899–1928 and who introduced the term Fennoscandia, made an outstanding contribution to the understanding of alkaline rocks through his studies of the Devonian Kola province in the northeasternmost part of the shield. Meanwhile, J.J. Sederholm, Director of the Geological Survey of Finland in 1893–1933, pioneered the application of actualistic principles to Precambrian terrains and the systematic study of Precambrian granites, introducing the concepts of migmatites and anatexis in 1907, and published acclaimed monographs on orbicular textures and the rapakivi granite association. Pentti Eskola, who succeeded Ramsay in the Chair of Geology and Mineralogy at Helsinki in 1929–1953, is particularly renowned for defi ning the metamorphic facies concept, based initially on the Orijärvi district near Helsinki, and which now underpins studies in metamorphic petrology worldwide. <...>