Ductile shear zones. From mcro- to macro-scales / Зоны пластичного сдвига. От микро- к макромасштабам

Heterogeneous ductile shear zones are very common in the Earth’s lithosphere and are particularly well exposed in mountain belts (e.g. Iannace and Vitale 2004; Yonkee 2005; Vitale et al. 2007a,b; Okudaira and Beppu 2008; Alsleben et al. 2008; Sarkarinejad et al. 2010; Kuiper et al. 2011; Dasgupta et al. 2012; Zhang et al. 2013; Samani 2013; Mukherjee 2013, 2014; also see Chapter 9), where they provide useful tools for a better understanding of the processes and parameters controlling strain localization, type of deformation, and rock rheology. The occurrence of strain markers such as fossils, ooids and ellipsoidal clasts in sedimentary rocks, or equant minerals, deflected veins and dykes in igneous rocks, allows one to quantify the finite strain by means of various methods (e.g. Dunnet 1969; Fry 1979; Lisle 1985; Erslev 1988; Vitale and Mazzoli 2005, 2010). <...>