Atlas of deformed and metamorphosed rocks from proterozoic orogens / Атлас деформированных и метаморфизованных горных пород протерозойских орогенов

Orogens in space and time are the potential sources of information in understanding the mechanism of episodic global material circulation on a whole-mantle-scale. They represent the hallmarks of the interaction among lithospheric plates. The word “orogen” is derived from Greece (oros for “mountain,” genesis for origin). The term “orogen” or “orogenic belt” has been traditionally described as a mountain belt composed of different types of rocks or rock strata forming a complex of variable size, typically tens to hundreds of kilometres wide and several thousand kilometre long, later fragmented during younger geological time due to various processes (e.g., Miashiro, 1961). In modern terminology, an orogen can be defined as a major linear deformed zone, sandwiched between cratons with prolonged deformational history, repeatedly reactivated and associated with different events of magmatic pulses and metamorphic episodes in space and time (Dewey and Bird, 1970). An orogen or orogenic belt develops when a continental plate crumples and is pushed upwards to form one or multiple mountain ranges. This involves a series of geological processes called “orogenesis.” <...>