Core-mantle co-evolution. An interdisciplinary approach / Коэволюция ядра и мантии. Междисциплинарный подход

The Earth’s deep interior, being physically inaccessible, is difficult to study directly. The necessarily indirect methods used in its study are best pursued collaboratively in order to bring all possible sources of knowledge to bear on the topic, hence the need for interdisciplinary research. Over recent decades, there have been advances in investigating the dynamics of the Earth’s deep interior. In terms of experimental and observation work, there have been innovations in high-temperature and high-pressure experiments (employing diamond anvil cells and synchrotron radiation facilities), dramatically improved geochemical analyses aided by particle physics detectors, and seismic wave observations and theory. In terms of computational work, methodological innovations and increased computational power have facilitated theoretical calculations of mineral properties and fluid dynamical simulations at the micro and macro scale.
This monograph describes results of the research project “Core-Mantle Co-Evolution” that was selected by the Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports (MEXT) in Japan. It was a component of a national program of innovative research projects intended to apply technological innovations in an interdisciplinary framework to contemporary research questions, in this case the composition, dynamics and evolution of the Earth’s deep interior.
Recent observational and experimental investigations have significantly advanced our understanding of the structure and constituent materials of the deep Earth. However, details of the chemical composition of the mantle, accounting for 85% of the volume of the entire Earth, and light elements expected to exist in the core, corresponding to the remaining 15%, have remained unclear even after 60 years of research in various fields of science related to deep Earth. <...>

Part I Structure and Dynamics of the Deep Mantle: Toward Core-Mantle Co-Evolution

1 Neutrino Geoscience: Review, Survey, Future Prospects William F. McDonough and Hiroko Watanabe

2 Trace Element Abundance Modeling with Gamma Distribution for Quantitative Balance Calculations Sanshiro Enomoto, Kenta Ueki, Tsuyoshi Iizuka, Nozomu Takeuchi, Akiko Tanaka, Hiroko Watanabe, and Satoru Haraguchi

3 Seismological Studies of Deep Earth Structure Using Seismic Arrays in East, South, and Southeast Asia,

and Oceania Satoru Tanaka and Toshiki Ohtaki

4 Preliminary Results from the New Deformation Multi-Anvil Press at the Photon Factory: Insight

into the Creep Strength of Calcium Silicate Perovskite Andrew R. Thomson, Yu Nishihara, Daisuke Yamazaki, Noriyoshi Tsujino, Simon A. Hunt, Yumiko Tsubokawa, Kyoko Matsukage, Takashi Yoshino, Tomoaki Kubo, and David P. Dobson

5 Deciphering Deep Mantle Processes from Isotopic and Highly Siderophile Element Compositions

of Mantle-Derived Rocks: Prospects and Limitations Katsuhiko Suzuki, Gen Shimoda, Akira Ishikawa, Tetsu Kogiso, and Norikatsu Akizawa

6 Numerical Examination of the Dynamics of Subducted Crustal Materials with Different Densities Taku Tsuchiya, Takashi Nakagawa, and Kenji Kawai Part II Core-Mantle Interaction: An Interdisciplinary Approach

7 Some Issues on Core-Mantle Chemical Interactions: The Role of Core Formation Processes Shun-ichiro Karato

8 Heat Flow from the Earth’s Core Inferred from Experimentally Determined Thermal Conductivity of the Deep Lower Mantle Yoshiyuki Okuda and Kenji Ohta

9 Assessment of a Stable Region of Earth’s Core Requiring Magnetic Field Generation over Four Billion Years Takashi Nakagawa, Shin-ichi Takehiro, and Youhei Sasaki

10 Inner Core Anisotropy from Antipodal PKIKP Traveltimes Hrvoje Tkalciˇ c, Thuany P. Costa de Lima, Thanh-Son Pha ´ . m, and Satoru Tanaka

11 Recent Progress in High-Pressure Experiments on the Composition of the Core Ryosuke Sinmyo, Yoichi Nakajima, and Yasuhiro Kuwayama

12 Dynamics in Earth’s Core Arising from Thermo-Chemical Interactions with the Mantle Christopher J. Davies and Sam Greenwood