Granite genesis: in situ melting and crustal evolution / Образование гранитов: плавление на месте и эволюция земной коры

Rocks that form the outer part of the Earth, the crust, provide a record of constant change in the Earth’s environment with time in relation to the movement and/or reaction of rock material during their formation. Thus, understanding the genesis of rocks is the foundation of the geological knowledge system. The nature, size, shape, properties and arrangement of constituent minerals gives rise to the diversity of rocks and their origin so that the challenge of geology is in determining their material source and mechanism of formation. Among the three kinds of rocks, igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic, the material source of metamorphic rocks need not be considered because its predecessor is also rock. Igneous rocks derived by crystallisation of liquids can be divided into mafic and felsic end members represented by gabbro/basalt and granite/rhyolite, respectively, with different sources <...>