Earth and life processes discovered from subseafloor environments. A Decade of Science Achieved by the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) / Земля и жизненные процессы условий морского дна. Достижения Комплексной программы морского бурения

Since 1968, the Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP: 1968–1983), Ocean Drilling Program (ODP: 1983–2003) and Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP: 2003–2013) have provided crucial records of past and present processes and interactions within and between the biosphere, cryosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and geosphere. The early DSDP–ODP exploratory phase resulted in the confirmation of the unifying theory of plate tectonics, shortly followed by the development of new fields of research such as paleoceanography, astronomically tuned geochronology, structure and geodynamics of the ocean crust, mineral resources in oceanic hydrothermal systems, marine gas-hydrate reservoirs, subseafloor life and biogeochemical cycles, and others. Research within the IODP encompasses a wide range of fundamental and applied topics that affect society, such as global change, evolution and diversity of life, natural hazards such as earthquakes, submarine landslides and volcanism, and the internal structure and dynamics of our planet (Figure 1). Unlike the previous, single vessel drilling programmes, the IODP operated with three different drilling vessels: the riserequipped drilling vessel D/V Chikyu provided by Japan, the non-riser drilling vessel JOIDES Resolution provided by the United States, and ad-hoc chartered drilling vessels tailored to specific missions such as the high Arctic or carbonate reef drilling. These mission-specific platforms were provided by the European Consortium for Scientific Ocean Drilling (ECORD). With this improved and more diversified drilling capability, the IODP focused on three broad scientific themes laid out in its guiding science plan: (1) The Deep Biosphere and the Subseafloor Ocean, (2) Environmental Change, Processes and Effects, and (3) Solid Earth Cycles and Geodynamics <...>