Geological sciences. Landforms, minerals and rocks / Геологические науки. Формы рельефа, минералы и горные породы

The Earth sciences are a collection of disciplines that consider Earth’s atmosphere and hydrosphere, as well as the planet’s solid aspect, the geosphere. The academic disciplines concerned with the geosphere are collectively called the geological sciences, or geosciences. Each one considers different facets of Earth’s surface and interior, such as its rocks, minerals, and their chemistry, the evolution and role of its landforms, and its geologic history. Although most of the geosciences exist to develop a greater understanding of the parts and processes involved in the solid Earth, the subfield of economic geology takes as its mission the extraction of rocks and minerals and their conversion to useful products.<...>