Fundamentals of structural geology / Основы структурной геологии

Fundamentals of Structural Geology provides a new framework for the investigation of geological structures by integrating field mapping and mechanical analysis. It emphasizes the observational data, modern mapping technology, principles of continuum mechanics, and the mathematical and computational skills, necessary to map, describe, model, and explain deformation in the Earth’s lithosphere quantitatively.Assuming a basic knowledge of physical geology, introductory calculus, and physics, this advanced textbook builds on more traditional courses that emphasize descriptive terminology, geometric techniques, and kinematics. In a significant departure from conventional textbooks on the subject, differential geometry is introduced and applied to quantify descriptions of geological structures. Differential geometry integrates the spatial information conventionally found on maps with orientation data from stereograms to provide reproducible descriptions of geological structures. By starting from the fundamental conservation laws of mass and momentum, the constitutive laws of material behavior, and the kinematic relationships for strain and rate of deformation, the authors demonstrate the relevance of solid and fluid mechanics to structural geology. The constitutive relations used in the book are sufficiently elementary to enable students to gain physical insight from analytical solutions, but are adequately realistic to provide compelling correlations to observational data