Principles of igneous petrology \ Принципы магматической петрологии

Igneous petrology was to some extent essentially a descriptive science until about 1960. The results were mainly obtained from field work, major element analyses, and microscopical studies. During the 1960's two simultaneous developments took place, plate tectonics became generally accepted, and the generation of magmas could now be related to the geodynamic features like convection cells and subduction zones. The other new feature was the development of new analytical apparatus which allowed high accuracy analyses of trace elements and isotopes. In addition it became possible to do experimental studies at pressures up to 100 kbar. <...>